Winter Meeting. 203 



Mr. Miirray spoke of a home made cultivator with slanting steel 

 teeth for pulverizing the ground. He finds the disc harrow one of the 

 best tools for orchard cultivation. He used this harrow last spring 

 on ground covered with a heavy growth of cow peas, and succeeded in 

 making the surface a fine dust mulch. 



THE MOKE COMMON APPLE INSECTS. 



By Prof. J. M. Stedman, Agricultural College, Columbia, Mo. 



I trust our secretary does not intend for me to tell you about all the 

 insects that are known to injure, in one w^ay or another, the apple, for 

 it would require a whole day to go into details in regard to their habits, 

 life history and methods of suppressing them. I shall, 

 therefore, mention only the more common ones that I know trouble you 

 who live in this locality. But, before giving specific cases, allow^ me 

 to make a few general remarks for the benefit of all. 



As most of us are aware, our common arsenical poisons — Paris 

 green, London purple, etc. — are very apt to be adulterated, and as a 

 result of this we frequently reap no benefits from our spraying, 

 although our part of the work is done properly. This has led many 

 stations to experiment with different substitutes for the above poisons, 

 and as a result the Michigan station has hit upon what appears to be 

 a perfect substitute. I have been experimenting with it during the 

 past season, with the result that I believe it can be used as a perfect 

 substitute for Paris green or London purple, and has the following ad- 

 vantages : It is absolutely pure and contains a known definite amount 

 of arsenic, is not so liable to injure the foliage and remains suspended 

 in the water much better, thus saving the trouble of being so particular 

 in regard to constant stirring while spraying. 



Arsenate of Soda. — The new substitute is called arsenate of soda, 

 and will be made by you individually as follows : To two gallons of 

 water add two pounds of powdered white arsenic and eight pounds of 

 sal soda. Boil this until all is dissolved, whicli will take at least fifteen 

 minutes of boiling — perhaps longer. Add water to make up the two 



