394 State Horticultural Society. 



This is the apple leaf rust or cedar apple fungus (Koestelea pirata) 

 which, if abundant, may be very destructive to the apple leaves. It is 

 one form of the same fungus which causes the cedar apples, or cedar ball, 

 on the red cedar. This fungus having two forms to complete its life 

 history, is very interesting. The spores shed from the form causing the 

 rust on the apple (or sometimes on the wild haw) are shed in great num- 

 bers. Instead of germinating again on the apple leaf they find their way 

 to a cedar tree and there germinate, causing the cedar apple. The cedar 

 apple in turn sheds its crop of spores in May or early June, and these 

 spores find their way back to the apple, where they again form the leaf 

 rust. If all the cedar trees in the vicinity of the orchard are destroyed, 



or if the cedar apples are picked and destroyed in winter, the leaf rust 

 will not persist for many seasons on the apple. It is probable, however, 

 that the apple rust form has the power to reappear for a time without 

 alternating, by means of spores on the cedar tree. Spraying the apple 

 trees with Bordeaux mixture, the same as for apple scab, is said to check 

 the leaf rust. We have not tried this remedy at the Experiment Station, 

 as the rust has not appeared in the station orchard. — J. C. Whitten, 

 Horticulturist Mo. Exp. Station. Columbia, Mo. 



ENTOMOLOGY. 



SPKAYING OF OKCHARDS. 



Eichview, 111., Sept. 19. — Many fruit-growers in this section of Illi- 

 nois have been spraying their orchards, with a view of killing insects, 

 says a "Globe-Democrat" correspondent. J. W. Stanton, president of 

 the Southern Illinois Horticulturah Society, ?ays that the past season had 

 given strange results in spraying. "In many instances," he declared, 

 "spraying seems to do no good. I do not know why there were so many 

 unsatisfactory experiences, but this does not lessen the fact that bugs and 

 fungi should be killed. That spraying pays is as well demonstrated as 



