Entomology. 397 



sucking insect, and is almost always useless to apply the remedies for 

 sucking insects against tlie biting. 



Having determined the insect to be a biting (eating) one, you should 

 use some form of arsenical poison. For all but peach and plum trees the 

 best substance is Paris green (be sure and get pure material). For 

 insects that require only one or two sprayings, like the canker worm, 

 use one pound of Paris green, three pounds of fresh lime and one hun- 

 dred and fifty gallons of water. For insects that require many continu- 

 ous sprayings, like the codling moth, use one pound of Paris green, three 

 pounds of fresh lime and one hundred and seventy-five gallons of water. 

 j^ever make this spray weaker or stronger for codling moth, since more 

 water than the above will reduce the poison so that you will not kill the 

 proper amount of insects, and if there be less water used the repeated 

 sprayings are apt to injure the foliage; therefore, use exactly the above 

 proportion. In all cases be sure and keep the Paris green mixture con- 

 stantly stirred while spraying, since Paris green does not dissolve in water. 

 Always spray thoroughly. Always repeat a spraying if it rains within a 

 few days after spraying. 



Where one wishes to spray peach or plum trees, or when one wishes 

 to apply a strong arsenical spray, the follomng should always be used: 

 Powder and dissolve in a bucket of water four ounces of arsenate of soda 

 ane eleven ounces of acetate of lead, and after it is all dissolved let it 

 stand over night, and then add it to water — from twenty-five gallons to 

 one hundred gallons, according to strength desired — and then add two 

 gallons of glucose and thoroughly dissolve and mix. This is known as 

 the arsenate of lead spray, and will not injure any trees no matter how 

 strong it may be used, and is death to all biting insects. 



Having determined the insect to be a sucking one, you should apply 

 nine times out of ten, what is known as kerosene emulsion, which is made 

 as follows: Dissolve one-half pound of hard soap in one gallon of boil- 

 ing soft water, then add two gallons of kerosene (coal-oil) and churn the 

 mixture for ten minutes by means of a force pump — pump the liquid 

 back into itself, using a solid-stream nozzle — by which time you will 

 haA^e a thick, creamy emulsion which will be about one-third larger in 

 bulk than you started with; then add nineteen gallons of water to the 

 above and stir thoroughly. Apply this to the plants by means of a 



