Fruit Buds. 431 



case is somewhat different with the predaceous insects — those that devour 

 other forms as they are being developed. Their benefits are more direct. 

 They attack tlie enemy while it is engaged in active hostilities. The 

 most noted case — one as yet without parallel in the co-operation of preda- 

 ceous insects working with the fruit growers in destroying the injurious 

 forms — is the vedalia lady-bird beetle (Novius cardinalis). This im- 

 portant lady bird beetle, by its rapid multiplication and voracious appe- 

 tite, has completely removed the destructive scale in the orange groves 

 of California, and saved millions of dollars to the state. It was sent to 

 South Africa, where it did equally good work upon the fluted scales of 

 that country, and later in Egypt and Portugal did good service. 



Alongside of the destroyers of injurious forms can be placed as 

 friends of the horticulturist those insects which bring about the proper 

 fertilization of the fruit tree and vegetable blossom. Chief among these 

 pollenizers may be considered the honey bee. In the future, fruit grow- 

 ers are likely to be generally regarded as more indebted to l)eekeepers 

 that the latter are to the fruit growers, for the amount of honey the bees 

 secure from fruit blossoms comes far short of equaling in value that part 

 of the fruit crop which many accurate observations and experiments 

 indicate is due to the complete cross-fertilization of the blossoms by bees. 

 While this waref are has been going on in the United States, we have beo:j 

 advancing, until we are producing more and better fruits than any other 

 country in the world. — Prof. S. J. Hunter, University of Kansas, before 

 JSTurserymen's Convention. 



FEUIT BUDS. 



Prof. AV. P. Lazenby, of Columbus, O., presented a paper on ^'The 

 Origin and Development of Buds on Fruit Trees." Fruit buds are of 

 three kinds — (1) leaf Imds from which new shoots are developed; (2) 

 ilower-buds, which consist of undeveloped floAvers, and (3) mixed buds 

 fi-om whieli both slioots and flowers may come. It will be seen that leaf 

 buds are concerned in the growth of the plant on which they are borne, 

 while flower buds rosnlt in the development of new individuals. Fruit 

 buds may be divided iiito two groups — (1) buds fovniod tlie same year 



