WINTER MEETING. 433 



nurserymen who grows the best stock can not and ought not to be expected 

 to compete with those who follow careless methods of propagation. 



Mr. Garfield: Ought the question of latitude to be made prominent ia 

 selecting a firm with whom to deal in the purchase of nursery stock? 



Mr. Scott: I would pay little attention to this if the stock were well 

 grown. I would not buy apples more than two years old, peaches, pears, 

 plums'" and cherries one year old. 



Prof. Bailey: I know orchards on the west shore planted with stock from 

 Cincinnati that have done admirably, and many other instances occur to me 

 illustrative of the point that latitude makes little difference. I wish to 

 emphasize the point made by Mr. Scott that the orchardist who purchases 

 nursery stock can not afford to be without our State horticultural reports 

 and one or two of our bast periodicals devoted to the growing of fruit. 



Mr. Davis, of Lapeer, advocated the planting of older trees if they can be 

 secured near at hand, and especially if the planters can dig their own trees. 

 He had himself planted six-year old grape-vines and gathered a fine crop of 

 fruit the first year. 



Mr. Pierce, of Ohio, also gave a similar illustration with regard to apple 

 trees, but questioned the desirability of practice in this direction. 



Mr. Scott said that large stock was not liable to be as healthy after 

 transplantation. 



Mr. E. A. Long, of Buffalo, said: The question turns upon ability to han- 

 dle and care for stock in its removal, especially the conditions imposed between 

 digging and planting out. 



Mr. Watkins: I have transplanted a great many trees of all sizes and ages 

 and much prefer young trees if the best results are to be secured. Of course 

 we plant out large trees for immediate effect in ornamenting premises, but we 

 do it at some sacrifice. 



Mr. Lyon : The least shock is produced in the removal of young trees. I 

 would not hesitate a moment in getting trees very far off in latitude if they 

 were healthy. The shock from rich to poor soil is to be avoided if possible. 



Mr. Coller : Old trees have been a great damage to our orchardists ; two year 

 trees are old enough. I want my trees young enough so I shall do all the 

 shaping of the top. 



A number of other experienced orchardists gave their testimony in favor 

 of planting out quite young trees, unless one is transplanting on his own 

 premises where exceptional care can be given to the removal. 



The next subject was the 

 DEVELOPMENT AND PROMISE OF THE EVAPORATED FRUIT INDUSTRY. 



BY S. B. MANN, OF ADRIAN. 



Mr. Mann said: 



Early in the year 1870 I read in an eastern paper the report of experiments 

 in the art of preserving fruits and vegetables by what was then called pneu- 

 matic evaporation. The old methods of drying fruits are too well known to 

 need description. The result was a discolored, tasteless product, covered 

 thickly with a sort of skin or crust, and that in turn covered with dust and 

 fly specks. This new invention claimed to extract simply the pure water 

 contained in the fruit, leaving all the other properties of color, flavor, etc., 



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