WINTER MEETING. 447 



It should be borne in mind that in applying any liquid insecticide to 

 insects we should not fail to dash it on with force. The effect of this is to make 

 that thorough work which is absolutely necessary to success. This applies 

 not only to London purple for codling moth and all foliage destroying insects 

 where the use of this poison is safe, but also in using buhach or California 

 pyrethruni — one tablcspoonful to two gallons of water — to banish cabbage 

 caterpillars, rose chafers, etc., white hellebore to destroy the currant slug, 

 or the kerosene emulsion to exterminate plant and scale lice, etc. 



The Nixon pump and spray nozzle, made by A. H. Nixon, Dayton, Ohio, 

 was exhibited and praised by the speaker. The Nixon nozzle is even super- 

 ior to the Cyclone nozzle for general purposes. The price of the nozzle is 

 seventy-five cents. 



In reply to inquiries Prof. Cook stated that he had not succeeded in pre- 

 venting the ravages of the plum curcujio by use of the arsenites. From his 

 experiments he had no hope in this remedy for the curculio. The white 

 hellebore was used same as buhach. Both would answer as well if dusted on 

 as a powder, providing the application was as thorough. Such thoroughness, 

 however, was well nigh impossible. The kerosene emulsion was made by 

 using two ounces of whale oil soap or one quart of soft soap, one pint of kero- 

 sene oil and two gallons of water, all thoroughly stirred till a permanent 

 mixture was obtained. This was easily accomplished by use of a force pump 

 pnmping back into the liquid. 



Mr. K. J. Coryell followed and explained very clearly the life history of a 

 number of our worst insect enemies and answering a good many questions in 

 economic entomology. 



Following the insect discussion half an hour was given the Hillsdale County 

 Horticultural Society in which to transact business, elect officers and make 

 announcements, after which the convention resumed its work and a paper 

 was read upon 



VARIETIES OF APPLES FOR SOUTHERN MICHIGAN. 



BY J. F. FITZSIMMO^S, OF HILLSDALE. 



When I received notice that I had been assigned to open this topic I felt 

 that were I otherwise qualified, under the then existing circumstances, it 

 would be impossible for me to do so, and after replying promptly to that 

 effect the subject was dismissed from my mind entirely. A little later I was 

 requested to meet with two or three gentlemen on Saturday last to complete 

 some arrangements for this meeting and then to my surprise no one had been 

 assigned to this diity. A gentleman who ought surely to have opened this 

 topic himself, he being well fitted to do so, argued that inasmuch as not 

 much was expected of the one who opened this topic more than to provoke 

 discussion, I could do it, and, somehow, without hardly being aware of it, I 

 consented to try to say something that would call out some information from 

 those much better qualified than myself to talk of " the best varieties of 

 apples for southern Michigan." 



At the outset let me narrow this subject down to something like this, 

 ^' Varieties of apples which I should plant were I to put out an orchard in 

 this locality." 



I will omit entirely the question of whether we should plant root grafted 

 trees or top graft them and will confine myself to varieties. 



