BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 45 



than ever before, while tlie cost of the same has been relatively low — 

 a decided saving over the system of previous years. 



Incident to the experimental exports and the inspection service 

 noted, a large number of chemical analyses of milk, condensed milk, 

 and cream, butter, and cheese have been necessary. This work has 

 been accomplished by the dairy laboratory of the bioehemic division 

 of this Bureau, where a chemist and laboratory assistant have been 

 kept constanth' employed. In this connection special studies have 

 been made of the products of nearly all dairy countries of the world, 

 as found in many foreign markets. Experimental studies have also 

 been made of the essential differences between (natural) butter, 

 renovated butter, and butterine or oleomargarine, and the most prac- 

 tical methods of distinguishing or identifying these different articles. 



At the Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo the dairy division con- 

 tributed a portion of the exhibit of this Bureau and provided for its 

 arrangement. Later, the same exhibit was made at the Charleston 

 Exposition. 



The act of Congress approved May 9, 1902, by its section 5 (and 

 incidentally under section 4), places certain specific and important 

 duties upon the Secretary of Agriculture, relating to the manufacture, 

 interstate commerce, and export of "renovated butter," and the 

 details of administration have been assigned to the dairv division. 

 The work resulting from this action will be noted later. 



Disconnected officially with this office, and j^et closely related to it, 

 has been certain work performed during the j'ear in connection with 

 the Twelfth United States Census. The chief of this division received 

 from the Director of the Census, early in the year 1900, an appoint- 

 ment as expert special agent (without compensation) in charge of the 

 statistics of butter, cheese, and condensed-milk factories. Advisory 

 and supervisory duties were performed accordingi}-, from time to 

 time, ending with the preparation of a report upon the establishments 

 of the class indicated, and the data obtained from them, in the divi- 

 sion of manufactures, which was published in June, as Census Bulle- 

 tin No. 189. This office was also frequently consulted by the agi-i- 

 cultural division of the Census, as to editing the dairy data collected 

 from farms. 



The work of the dairy division during the fiscal year 1902-1903 will 

 embrace, in large measure, a continuation of that of previous years 

 and also include several material additions. 



The condition of the dairy industry in the United States will be 

 studied in all its aspects, with a view to determining the most favor- 

 able opportunities for progress and improvements and assisting in 

 their accomplishment so far as practicable. The dairjang of other 

 countries must also be observed, productive conditions noted, the 

 demands of consumption and of all foreign markets watched, and 

 such action taken as is possible in the interest of extending foreign 

 trade in dairy products. Relations will be maintained with State 

 dair}- officials, with the voluntary organizations of dairj'men, and with 

 the dairy schools in numerous States, in order to be informed of their 

 proceedings and cooperate with them so far as may be advisable. The 

 investigations of the agricultural experiment stations along dairy lines 

 will be closely watched and facts collected which may be usefully 

 disseminated. 



This division will conduct investigations by itself or in cooperation 

 with suitable agencies. It is proposed in particular to study the meth- 



