Insects Injurious to the Potato and Apple. 591 



color, with a dark dot near the middle. Both pairs are deli- 

 cately fringed around the edges. When fully expanded 

 they are one and one-fourth inches across. The female (fig. 

 9, b,) is a very different looking insect, having no wings 

 and a large, bulky body, of a long-oval shape, covered with 

 down. The upper surface is dark gray, the lower lighter 

 gray. Across the abdomen in both sexes there are two 

 lines of spines pointing backwards. The colors of the wings 

 in the male are very variable, — they are always of a dusky 

 shade but the lines and spots are often lacking, either par- 

 tially or wholly. They are most active in the evening. 

 The female is clumsy and sluggish in her movements. As 

 the larvjv must have suitable food at hand as soon as they 

 come from the eggs, if the female can be prevented from 

 laying the eggs on the branches of trees the leaves of which 

 the larvse feed upon, the next brood may be destroyed. The 

 female has a jointed ovipositor by means of which the eggs 

 are placed under the scales of bark, or in the most conven- 

 ient hiding place, often in tlie West using the empty cases, 

 according to Riley, of one of the leaf crumplers, Phycita 

 nebulo, Walsh, which does not occur, I think, in this State, 

 but does considerable damage in the West. Riley says that 

 the eggs number from fifty to a hundred and fifty. They 

 are shshtlv g-lned together in clusters and hatch as the 

 leaves begin to unfold. The larvae are, when first hatched, 

 dark green or brownish green. Along each side is a hght 

 band and one along the back and this latter has along its middle 

 a dark line. The hght stripes are broad. As the worm 

 grows older and changes its skin it is of more uniform color, 

 being brownish, and the head, at first black and shiny, is 



