600 State Board of Agriculture, &c. 



suintner it works deeper towards the heart, and may work 

 its way entirely through the tree, or, more often, it turns in 

 another direction, after a time working back towards the 

 bark and through it to the outside. It fills the end of the 

 passage with dust and shreds of wood, and now, at the 

 beginning of tlie third winter, it ceases to eat, and remains 

 dormant till the next spring, when it becomes a pupa, and in 

 about three weeks afterwards it changes to a perfect beetle. 

 At first it is very feeble and soft, but in the course of two 

 W'Ceks more it grows strong, and the covering of the body 

 becomes hard. As remedies against this insect, Riley rec- 

 ommends the use of alkaline washes applied to the lower part 

 of the tree, and that all weeds and rubbish be kept away from 

 the base of the tree. If the tree bo well scraped and rubbed 

 with soap, the borers will keep away. In the fall trees may 

 be examined, and if borers are found in them, as may be 

 known from their castings about the holes, they may be 

 killed by pouring kerosene or hot water into the holes, or, 

 better, they may be cut out, if they can be reached without 

 too much damage to the tree. 



Another borer, known as the flat headed borer ( Chryso- 



