124 EXPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1921. . 



of the 1780 example. Also an early sample of wove paper, which 

 was invented by John Baskerville in 1750, and an example of light 

 and shade watermark made by Mr. W. H. Smith, the inventor of 

 the process, about 1850, as well as other fine and beautiful water- 

 marks. The whole exhibit was assembled and labeled by Mr. Dard 

 Hunter, of Chillicothe, Ohio, who is an authority on handmade paper, 

 both as a writer and a manufacturer. One of the many labels may 

 be of general interest, as it gives a brief history of paper. 



PAPER. 



221-210 B. C— Paper was made in China from silk refuse. The oldest mold 



covering was made of strips of bamboo, bound together by 



filaments of vegetable fiber. 

 105 A. D Paper made from rags and plant fibers first made in China by 



Ts'ai Lun. 



Unknown Date of invention of wire screen unknown. 



12th century--. Paper made in Europe by the Moors. First mention of rag 



paper occurs in the tract of Peter, Abbot of Cluny (1122-1150). 



1270 First watermarked design. 



1494 First English paper mill was established at Hertford by John 



Tate. 

 1690 First American paper mill operated by William Rittenhouse at 



Rosborough, near Philadelphia. 



1750 Wove paper invented by John Baskerville. 



1798 First paper-making machine invented by Louis Robert, a 



Frenchman. Introduced into England by Henry Fourdriner, 



who perfected the process. 



1819 First colored watermarks. 



1849 Light and shade watermarks invented in England by Mr. 



W. H. Smith. 



Mr. Dard Hunter has also made a second valuable contribution to 

 the division of two books in unbound condition which he made from 

 beginning to end. They are The Etching of Figures, by William 

 Aspinwall Bradley, and The Etching of Contemporary Life, by 

 Frank Weitenkampf, curator of the print department. New York 

 Public Library. Both of these books were published by The Chicago 

 Society of Etchers for their associate members, limited to 250 and 275 

 copies respectively, and accompanied by an etching by an active mem- 

 ber of the society. To quote from the introduction in The Etching 

 of Figures, by Mr. Bradley : 



This publication is the entire work of Dard Hunter, Marlborough-on-Hudson, 

 The paper was made by him especially for this book, each sheet separately in a 

 hand mold. The steel punches for the type were cut by him, the matrices struck, 

 and the type cast in a hand mold. The printing was done on a hand press. 

 These methods are practically the same as those used by printers at the time 

 of Albrecht Durer. 



In an exhaustive study of paper making and typography Mr. Hunter has never 

 seen mention of a book produced in which paper, type, and printing were the 

 work of one man as they are in the present volume. 



