90 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



plioiie, but when it ronies to the trimniiug of the trees, I believe I ought 

 to have sonielhiiii>- to say about it. 1 think then i< would be done with 

 the lenst possible damage. 



The tiist half of the Wednesday morning session w^as given to the 

 speaking eontest, by the Michigan Agricultural College students. This 

 is always a niosl attractive feature, and the talks are all excellent. The 

 matter of awarding the prizes is always difficult. 



The fiiiit judging contest is very interesting and the contestants al- 

 ways score very closely, so it is a difficult thing for judges to decide u]>on 

 the winners. 



The outcome of the speaking contest was as follows: 



First prize — Mr. D. A. Stroh, Washington, D. C. 



Second i)rize — Mr. G. W. Cochran, Elk Lake, Pa. 



Third prize — Mr. Kris P. Bemis, East Lansing, Michigan. 



The result of the fruit judging contest gave 



First prize — Mr. D. G. Eicker, East Lansing, Mich. 



Second prize — Mr. F. Lee Bloom, Detroit, Mich. 



Third prize — Mr. Paul S. Armstrong, Washington, D. C. 



TWO CO]\rMON SCALES AND THEIR CONTROL. 



BY D. A. STROII^ WASHINGTON, D. C. 



(First Prize). 



Probably the most serious insect pest which attacks fruit trees is the 

 San Jose scale, so called because of its discovery in the United States 

 near San Jose, California, about 1880. A native of central China, it 

 is at i)resent found in nearly every state in the Union, having been 

 brought east on nursery stock a few years after its discovery. This 

 insect is so severe in its attack that it will kill young stock in two or 

 three years, and even old trees, unless sprayed annually to keep it under 

 ccmtrol. While it occurs on the leaves and fruit, its greatest damage 

 is done on the twigs, and it is here that its presence is hardest to find. 

 It appears first on the older branches, and when the attack becomes 

 severe, also on the leaves and fruit, where it forms a bright red ring 

 around the scale. This latter feature, however, should not be taken as 

 an infallible indication of the presence of the San Jose scale, as other 

 scales leave a similar mark. 



The insect itself, as usually discovered by scraping off the scale, is a 

 tiny yellow louse, almost invisible to the naked eye. The sample which 

 we have here is enlarged, perhaps, 500 times, and shows the general 

 outline of the creature. The scale, wath which it is protected, and which 

 gives it its name, is secreted by the insect itself, and consists of this 

 central yellow portion, or nipple, which is the two slied skins of the 

 female, and an outer darker area of wax. The model which you see here 

 is that of the female, and is the generation which does the most damage. 

 The male is much smaller, with a white, elongated scale, and when ready 



