116 



STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



experience that the foliage of evergreens will stand a much stronger 

 solution of arsenic than will fruit-tree leaves. 



It is strongly urged that during the coming season earnest and 

 persistent effort be made to obtain control of this destructive tree 

 pest, which threatens not only the beauty and thrift of the trees on 

 our lawns and in our parks and orchards, but the safety of all our 

 native evergreens, and many of the most valuable deciduous trees that 

 compose our forests and timber belts. 



Apple-tree Borers. — Next to the Apple-root louse, borers are 

 the most insidious enemies of the young orchard. Of these there are 

 six or seven, some of which bore the roots exclusively ; others work 



Fig. C. , 



Ronnd-headeded Apple-tree Borer. Parent beetle on the right; a, boriDg 

 larva; b, pupa. 



in the branches or twigs, or just beneath the bark ; but the two species 

 most to be dreaded are the ones figured above, which bore more espe- 

 cially in the lower part of the trunk, and the Flat-headed Borer, which 

 works in all parts of the trunk and primary branches. 



The parent beetles appear in the spring and live through the sum- 

 mer, placing their eggs at their convenience on the bark of the trees 

 they affect. This extended period of oviposition necessitates that the 

 trunks of the trees be kept protected either by shields or repellant 

 washes from the first of June until the last of August. 



The perfect beetle of the Round-headed species (Saperda Candida) 

 is very rarely seen after it has emerged from the tree, as it hides dur- 

 ing the day, and feeds, flies and lays its eggs only at night. It is a 

 handsome beetle of a cinnamon-brown color above, with two broad, 

 milk-white stripes and silvery-white beneath, and has long, backward- 

 curving antennae. The eggs are, as a rule, placed within six inches of 

 the ground, each in a little slit cut by the jaws. When the little grub 

 hatches it at once gnaws its way into the sap-wood, where it feeds in 

 one spot, over which the bark will often appear somewhat tightened 

 and blackened, until the approach of cold weather, when it burrows 

 downward, sometimes beneath the surface of the ground, especially in 

 cold climates, and rests until spring. The second summer it feeda 



