166 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Va7'ieti€s— Of the older sorts the Hopkins seetns to do the best, A. new variety 

 originated in this county by W. C. Freeman seems to be very promising so far; it 

 is called the Bonanza. Its propagation is as yet confined to a very limited area, as 

 the originator has never offered any plants for sale. Of the red varieties the Tur- 

 ner is principally grown. The Marlboro and Cuthbert are a failure here, i am 

 growing a red berry that came from the wilds of Virginia. The cane is hardy and 

 the berry as large as Cuthbert. I have no name for it, but shall continue to raise 

 it as long as it does so well. 



The principal enemies of the raspberry are rust and anthracnose. They are 

 both of fungus origin, and as yet no certain remedy has been found. The rust is 

 the same disease that aff"ects the blackberry. I have never had any of it, but in 

 some localities it is very destructive. The anthracnose is very bad in this locality. 

 It attacks all varieties, and unless it can be checked by some means, raspberry cul- 

 ture will have to be given up. 



Blackberry— The blackberry requires good soil, but it need not be so rich as for 

 the raspberry. The ground should be prepared in the same manner as for the rasp- 

 berry, and the mode of setting the same, except that the rows should be eight feet 

 apart. The cultivation should be the same as for the raspberry. After the first 

 year the young canes should be pinched back to within three feet of the ground, 

 and this practice kept up from year to year. The most serious enemy of the black- 

 berry is the rust. No means have yet been discovered by which the rust can be 

 destroyed or prevented. The best plan when a patch is badly affected is to dig it 

 up and plant a new one in some other place. From a new patch we may generally 

 expect to get at least three crops before the rust appears. Indeed, it seems to be 

 of a periodical nature, for there are times when we see but little of it for several 

 years. The Kittatinny, Western Triumph and Lawton are always worse affected 

 than the newer varieties. With me the Knox and Snyder have as yet shown no 

 sign of rust, though growing by the side of Kittatinny and Western Triumph that 

 were badly affected. 



Varieties — .\fter fruiting the Knox for four years, I am free to say, taking every- 

 thing into consideration, it is the best berry I have ever grown. It is a strong, 

 upright grower, perfectly hardy, rust-proof so far, and the berry is large, glossy 

 and beautiful, with quality as good as any. Now, I don't advise every one to plant 

 the Knox, for in a few years it may go like the rest. There are two objections to 

 the Knox. It is not quite so early as the Kittatinny, and its thorns are "awful 

 sticky." To the Snyder there are objections: it bears too much, and the berries 

 are too small. I always have to sell them for a less price than the larger berries. 

 In other respects the Snyder is all that anyone can ask, and we cannot as yet 

 afford to give it up . 



The gooseberry and currant properly come under the head of small fruits, but 

 as this paper is already too long, I shall pass them by for the present. 



DISCUSSION. 



N. F. Murray — I indorse the paper of Mr. Scbnell. I emphasize 

 thorough and shallovr cultivation. In the preparation of land for straw- 

 berries, or anything else, I am thoroughly convinced that sharllow plow- 

 ing with thorough pulverization is better than deep plowing and poor 

 pulverization. The clods below prevent the moisture from rising. The 

 ground should be plowed in the fall. I am in favor of early planting in 



