206 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



In Bulletin No. 9, vol. 4, of the Ohio station, apple scab is well described, 

 ^nd illustrated experiments were undertaken to determine (1) what compounds to 

 use, (2) when to apply them, (3) with what fungicides can Paris green and London 

 purple be used, and (4) the profit of spraying on an extensive scale. The experi- 

 ments were made in an orchard of 30 acres, and there were enough apples of one 

 variety — Newtown Pippin— to spray two rows with each of the following solutions : 

 Ammoniacal solution of carbonate of copper, modified Eau Celeste, dilute Bordeaux 

 mixture, precipitated carbonate of copper, and ammonia-copper. Five rows were 

 left unsprayed as a check. The trtes were sprayed seven times— April 8, May 7 and 

 26, June 13 and 19, July 16. Frequent rains made this number of sprayings neces- 

 sary. In estimating results, 10 bushels of fruit were taken from each plant so as 

 to include about an equal quantity from each tree. Each lot was assorted into 

 three grades: Ist, free from scabs; 2d, more or less scabby, but marketable ; 3d, 

 very scabby and unmarketable. 



The dilute Bordeaux mixture gave best results, with 15% 1st grade, 74% 2d8, 

 11% 3d8. The unsprayed trees gave no Isti, 40% 2da and 60% 3ds. 



It was found that the cost of spraying 100 trees for the season, material and 

 labor included, was $14.10, with Bordeaux mixture alone, and $15.10 with Bordeaux 

 and Paris green. The remaining fungicides were more expensive, except ammonia 

 copper solution, but this was not anything like as valuable a preventive of the dis- 

 eases. 



It was found that in addition to making* the fruit unsightly, scab retards the 

 growth of both leaves and fruit, thus making the scabby apples smaller than the 

 clear ones. A bushel of Newtown Pippins, free from scab, contained 202 apples, 

 while a bushel of scabby specimens of the same variety numbered 317, the average 

 weight being four ounces and two and one-half ounces, respectively. In Ben Davis, 

 scab did more harm to foliage than to fruit. 



Benoni, Northern Spy, Rome Beauty and Newtown Pippin were sprayed with 

 Bordeaux mixture, and as compared with trees not sprayed, the increase in value 

 of fruit per 100 bushels was from $24.05 ( Northern Spy ) to $33.74 ( Rome Beauty ). 

 The cost of spraying did not exceed two cents per bushel, and the average increase 

 in value was 28 cents per bushel. 



In Bulletin No. 48, Cornell University ( New York) Station experiments made 

 in 1892, although the first of four applications of Bordeaux mixture and Paris green 

 was not made until June 13, much too late for the best results, the sprayed trees 

 showed a gain of 31.7% in good fruit over the unsprayed. This bulletin includes 

 a list of varieties of the apple with reference to their tendency to scab, as grown 

 in New York State. Among varieties most grown in Missouri, Ben Davis is re- 

 ported from 13 localities as not seriously affected, and from eight as free; Grimes' 

 Golden, six report not serious, seven free; Willow Twig, eight not serious, one 

 free; Jonathan, 10 not serious, four free; Missouri Pippin, five habitually bad, 

 two not serious, two free. 



Among varieties most subject to rot— all worse than Missouri Pippin— are 

 Early Harvest, Fameuse, Winesap and Red June. 



The Delaware Station has made a special study of peach-rot, and Bulletin 

 No. 19, issued December, 1892, is devoted to a preliminary report of experiments. 

 An experiment in 1891 resulted in great benefit from ammoniacal solution of car- 

 bonate of copper, but the fungicide injured the foliage badly. During the season 

 of 1892, four fungicides were tried: (1) Ammoniacal solution of carbonate of 

 copper, using aqua ammonia. (2) The same, using carbonate of ammonia. (3) 

 Copper carbonate in suspension. ( 4 ) Neutral Bordeaux mixture. 



