EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 347 



Late in the fall is also a favorable time. How to conduct the test will be found in 

 my bulletin 159, of this station. 



Sliould any of the animals react, it becomes a question how to dispose of them. 

 This is necessarily an individual question in several respects. In the first place, does 

 the disease show physical signs? In the second place, how valuable is the animal? 

 In the third place, is it desirable to keep this animal for breeding? In the fourth place, 

 can this animal be fattened for the market? If there are any physical s^'mptoms- 

 manifested by the animal, in all probability the disease has advanced to such a stage 

 that it would be unsafe to keep the animal longer for breeding purposes and ha» 

 become so generalized that the carcass cannot be used as food. We have had such 

 animals in the College herd. Mysie 44, Poly's Blossom, College Mysie VIT, and 

 perhaps two or three others, were very dangerous animals to have about. It makes a 

 great difference whether an animal possesses any intrinsic value and whether its keep- 

 ing will bring any pecuniary returns or not. There are some animals which it would 

 not pay to keep for breeding or to fatten for beef, consequently it were better to kill 

 them on the spot. I wish to repeat right here, however, that repeated tests may prove 

 the animal to be all right. This I have brought out in previous tables. It is frequently 

 the case that a cow possesses sufficient value to keep her for breeding purposes, even 

 if the offspring do not pay for her keeping; it will doubtless be cheaper in the end to 

 hold her until a new herd is started. In this way, where large herds have almost 

 been riddled by tuberculosis, the old herd has been kept until the offsprings have 

 reached a stage to take the place of the old herd. The milk with proper pasteurization 

 may be freelj' used. Animals which have responded to the tuberculin test may fre- 

 quently be fattened advantageously and placed upon the market subject to inspection. 

 If any local lesions are present, the meat may be used with little danger, it should, 

 however, aways be marked as such so people will know what they are buying. This- 

 will, of course, require competent inspectors who will see to the proper management 

 of such carcasses. 



Any animals which possess sufficient worth for isolation should be kept until a second 

 test, at least, may be applied. With the second test, there will be little doubt of the 

 animals which react the second time. When isolation is practiced, it should be as 

 nearly perfect as is possible. The feeding and watering should be independent and in 

 separate receptacles. If practicable, the same man who does the work for the 

 sound herd should not do the work for the condemned herd. Any calves dropped by 

 cows in isolation should be removed as soon as possible after birth. This isolation 

 should be continued as long as reacting animals are upon the premises. At no time 

 is it desirable and under no circumstances, to send a reacting animal back to the 

 sound herd. When they have lost their value in isolation, fatten them and slaughter 

 them, subject to inspection. 



It is the wiser plan to remove the sound animals after a test and leave the 

 reacting animals where they are. This is not always practicable. L'sually it i* 

 necessary to remove the reacting and leave the sound. Disinfection of the barn must 

 therefore follow. For the disinfection of barns and stables, I refer the reader to 

 bulletin 172 of this station. In this bulletin I have prepared methods of disinfection. 



To pasteurize the milk, it will be necessary to heat every particle to 85 degrees 

 C. momentarily, or 08 to 70 degrees C. for twenty minutes. If tuberculosis of the 

 udder is suspected, it is very dangerous to use the milk even when pasteurized, for 

 particles of tuberculous material will find their way into the milk and will not yield 

 to the pasteurization. 



After a herd has been tested, animals which have been purchased for introduction 

 into the herd should always be placed in quarantine for two weeks and during that 

 time should be tested with tuberculin. It would be utter folly to test one's herd and 

 then imdo the work by introducing animals without any notion whether they have 

 tuberculosis or not. There is another side to this also. If our leading stock-grower* 

 should demand that all purchased animals be free from tuberculosis, there would soon 

 be a sentiment which would ])lace tuberculosis upon a sound footing. Its dissemina- 

 tion, by this act alone, would be practically checked, for it would not get beyond the 

 centers where it is now located. 



The above is a method which is practically the same as Bang's and has been 

 found to be very successful, if such a thing as success may be attached to the handling 

 of tuberculosis. By this method, it becomes possible to eradicate the disease, to 

 build up the herd, to obtain the largest returns from a diseased herd and to secure 

 safety to the i)ublic. I iK'licvo it to be economical for the stock-grower to ascertain 

 the tuberculous status of his herd as soon as convenient, for by so doing, he either 

 finds that lu' has no tuberculosis present or he discovers its presence before, in most 



