17-.' STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



the soil, through a growth of some succulent verdure, like rve, oats, buckwheat, 

 or millet. With the check of roots comes the corresponding slower growth of 

 shoots, and time is given for filling up and rii)ening the wood in preparation for 

 winter. If nature, then, deems it projier to maintain this balance of root and 

 brancli, v.e do well to follow her example, and when the roots are curtailed 

 make a correspoiiding diminution in the top. 



If trees are of considerable size tlie shape of the top may be carefully modi- 

 fied by a skillful use of the knife, while regarding the iiosition of the buds. If 

 it is desirable to make a spreading tree, allow the buds that are to make the 

 main shoot to point outward, or, if a compact head be desirable, use the reverse 

 process. 



IS TRANSPLANTING LOSS OR GAIN? 



One word about the desirability of trans])lanting at all and I shall take you 

 to individual examples. 



It is argued by many that transplanting is a process that should be avoided 

 as far as iiossible, because it is a losing process. In the sense that growth is 

 checked and modified this is a fact; but when we come to see the advantaofes 

 over a plan of growing every i)lant from seed or cutting when it is to stand for 

 life they are unanswerable. The cultivation of a large acreage ■with no especial 

 return is avoided. The work is more comjxict. Checking of sap is desirable 

 to secure stockiness, and it is better done by transplanting or root pruning 

 in place ; the soil for a vigorous start is more under control; the danger of 

 loss from accident is very )nuch less, and winter ])rotection for young plants is 

 more easily and successfully secured. 



Every gardener of experience knows the value of transplanting his cabbages, 

 tomatoes, celery, etc., in his hot-beds several times before planting in their 

 final positions. His principal reason in each instance is to gain time and 

 space. The tiny plants may be sown very thickly in a hot-bed, and were they 

 to remain in the same position for sometime the growth would be spindling and 

 unshajjcly; while if transplanted as ra])idly as they recpiire more room, the 

 plants become stocky, well shaped, and have nothing to overcome when put 

 carefully in place. 



MOYIXG GARDEN PLANTS. 



While just here, I will give my method of setting out cabbages, tomatoes, 

 lettuce, etc., into the garden. I do not wait for rain, or even a cloudy time, 

 but when ready fit my ground well and have my jdants in boxes of convenient 

 size to carry. The earth and roots are thoroughly wet and cut into squares, 

 so as to take out with each plant, all the earth that belongs to it. The holes 

 for the plants are dug with trowel and hoe, and if the earth is dry a little water 

 is jiut in each hole; the plant is next jnit in })lace and well packed in with dry 

 dirt at the surface to avoid any baking, then a little ])iece of newspaper put 

 over it, held down by earth. I have transjjlanted many thousand plants 

 in the middle of hot June days in this manner with irood success.- 



In the transplantation of strawberries and raspberries there are some matters 

 of detail that require special attention. In our climate if either are jdantcd in 

 the fall they re(|uire a good deal of careful attention in mulching and protec- 

 tion for winter. I have had the best success in planting strawberries in the 

 spring, allowing them to make no fruit the first season, and no runners until 

 there was a good development of crown in the plants, pinching them off at 

 regular intervals. 



