398 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



main or tap root is bedded firmly. Do not tread upon the earth with your feet, 

 or beat upon it with the spade or jwunder. Any and all of this work causes 

 the roots to become bent, and injures their healthy action. 



F. l\. Elliott. 



FALL SETTING OF RASPBEERIES AND BLACKBERRIES. 



Last year we urged upon our readers the importance of setting these in the 

 fall. Another year's trial has the more fully convinced us of its importance. 

 Last fall we set out about two acres, hilling up tiie plants well when set, and 

 the past spring we set as many more. To-day those set in the fall are fully 

 double the size of those set in the spring, while the failures to grow will number 

 four times as many in the spring planting as in those set in the fall, and be- 

 sides, there is so much more time in the fall to do work than in the spring. 



By setting in the fall, and a small quantity of manure thrown over each hill, 

 the soakings from this going to the roots of the plants, gives them double the 

 start the next spring. 



One important point in growing small fruits, for either family use or market, 

 is to get as large growth as possible on the plant or vine the llrst year, for in 

 proportion to their growth, so will they yield. — FruU Recorder. 



STRAIGHT ROWS. 



The following instruction about planting straight rows needs to be often re- 

 peated. It is from the pen of J. J. Thomas : 



The first thing is to lay out the ground by inserting a stake or peg wherever 

 a tree is to stand. If the orchard is to be square or oblong, and of moderate 

 size, this work is quite simple ; if irregular or large, it must be divided into sec- 

 tions, so as to take the parts separately. First, you want a long garden line or 

 strong cord. If the ground is uneven, twenty rods will do; if nearly level, it 

 may be forty rods long, with strong pulling at each end. Then measure off 

 the sj^aces (say 33 feet) on this cord with a rod-i)ole, and sew througli and tic 

 on a piece of red yarn at each division or ])lace for a tree. The red yarn will 

 be readily seen when staking out. Or, you may pass the cord lengthwise 

 around a board eight and a quarter feet long, and insert the yarn at every alter- 



