214 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



THE PEAB. 



What has been said of the apple and its euemies may iu a large measure be 

 said of th6 pear, although this fruit suffers more keenly from diseases that are 

 less hostile to the apple and from others which do not affect the apple at all. The 

 pear requires more care in Michigan than the apple, perhaps even more intelligent, 

 Ijersistent and painstaking attention to ward off the ever present enemies. These 

 bulletins i-eport six insects as affecting the bark, two the trunk, one the branches, 

 seven the leaves, and three the fruit. The fungous diseases attack principally the 

 leaves and fruit, spreading to the newer and more tender twigs. 



THE QUINCE. 



The quince has some fungous diseases all its own, diseases very injurious, if 

 not fataj to the plant, but of a kind, with two exceptions, yielding readily to judi- 

 cious spraying. 



THE PEACH. 



The peach is the fruit which grows to perfection along the west coast of the 

 State and yields a profit even in the interior counties. The immense revenues 

 accruing to Michigan citizens from the sale of peaches is lessened and its very 

 existence threatened by certain serious diseases. Among these, easily the worst. 

 Is the yellows, the nature of which is not understood and the remedy not forth- 

 coming The same is true of the little peach. All that c^n ba done is to educate 

 the eye to detect the first symptoms and the will to destroy every affected tree. 

 The other ills are not past spraying for. 



The roots are attacked by a disease allied to the fungi, called crown gall, and 

 by an insect which bores into them; the bark suffers from the dreaded San Jose 

 scale, the English-walnut scale, the pea<3h lecanium, the fruit bark beetle and the 

 eccentric scale; the trunk, from the flat-headed apple tree borer and the divaricate 

 buprestid; the limbs, from the peach twig borer, the tree hopper and the tree 

 cricket; the leaves, from the black peach aphis, the climbing cut worm and tho 

 striped peach worm among insects, and the leaf curl, mildew, shot-hole fungus and 

 leaf spot among fungous diseases. The fruit must be protected against the brown 

 rot, the scab, rust, mildew, brown spot, and even against the codling moth and 

 plum curculio. 



TIIE PLUM. 



The plum has almost as many enemies as the peach, the same borer attacks 

 the roots, the European fruit scale and the apricot scale its bark, the flat-headed 

 borer its trunk, the shot-hole fungus Its leaves and the brown rot its fruit. It has 

 some diseases of its own, like gummosis of the limbs, plum pocket in the fruit and 

 twigs, and the curqulio and gouger in the fruit. It suffers, too, with the tent cater- 

 pillar, the canker worm, bud moth and rose chafer in its leaves. 



THE CHERRV. 



The diseases of the cherry are similar to those of the other stone fruits. It has 

 largely the same scale insects on the bark, the same buprest'd in the trunk and 

 black knot of the limbs, and the same insect and fungous diseases of the leaves 

 and fruit, with tho addition of the cherry fruit fly and the cherry leaf beetle and 

 slug. 



THE ORATE. 



The vineyardists must fight against the Phylloxera at the roots, the disease 

 which at one time ruined the vineyards of France and Itily. There is also the 

 root rot, the root borer and the root worm to contend with below ground. The 

 vines are troubled with the cane borer, the cottony maple scale, the apricot scale, 

 the tree cricket, anthracnose and mildew. The leaves suffer from mildew, blight, 

 leaf hoppei*s, gartered plume moth, hawk moth, leaf roller, rose chafer, flea beetles, 

 the anomala, and spotted pelidnota, and finally the fruit is attacked with black, 

 ripe, bitter and white rots, downy miMew and anthr^cnoss. Th° remedies for 

 these diseases are not a'ways eosv to ap ly, but a e eflicient a'^d sufficient in the 

 hands of the intelligent grape grower, while their very difficulty contributes to the 

 profit of the business by keeping out of it over cautious and incompetent men. 



