EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 205 



over 241,000,000 bushels of corn were ground in the mills of the United States, 

 a portion of which was used for feeding stock. 



Question D. Approximately 9.'f,000,000 acres were planted to corn in the United 

 states in 1903. Supposing the amount of seed to plant the crop to be five quarts 

 per acre" and supposi7ig 100,000,000 bushels of corn ground was used for human 

 consumption, hoxo much of the crop of 1902 was left for the live stock? 



THE MANNER OF MAKING STARCH AND GLUCOSE AND TIIEIB RY-PRODUCTS. 



Place a small handful of corn in a cup, pour boiling water in upon it and allow 

 it to stand for 20 minutes. With a sharp pointed pen knife it is now an easy mat- 

 ter to remove (1) the outer covering or bran and (2) the germ, or "pit," and there 

 will be left (3) the solid or starchy portion. 



In the process of starch making the separation of the kernel into these three 

 portions is the first step taken. In this case, however, the water used is not hot 

 and the final separation is accomplished with machinery. 



The separation accomplished, the bran is dried and offered for sale at from 

 eight to ten dollars per ton for feed. 



The germs are dried, ground and placed under a pressure of 4,000 lbs. per 

 square inch. This removes 90 per cent of the oil. The oil is run into tanks, 

 allowed to settle and then barreled. Corn oil brings from 4 cents to 5 cents per 

 pound — 30 cents to 40 cents per gallon. 



Question 10. Corn oil is worth .'f cents to 5 cents per pound. Starch is loorth 

 I cent to 1 1-2 cents per poimd. Can you suggest a way to increase the value 

 of the corn you sell? 



Corn oil is used in manufacturing paint, and by a chemical process is made into 

 an artificial rubber which is mixed with real rubber to be made into vehicle tires, 

 etc. Our exports of corn oil amount to about 4,000,000 gallons annually and a con- 

 siderable portion of this is used in the manufacture of soft soap. 



The portion of the germ remaining after the removal of the oil is sold for feed 

 for live stock and is worth not far from 125.00 per ton at the present time. 



The remaining portion of the corn is composed of starch and gluten. After 

 crushing or grinding, the starch is washed out and dried. The gluten remains 

 and is dried and may be purchased for feed for stock at about $25.00 per ton. 

 It is the iiesh and milk producing part of the grain and therefore is especially 

 well fitted for feeding to dairy animals and to growing young stock. 



The greater portion of the gluten and the corn bran are mixed and ground 

 together in about the proportions in which they occur in the grain. The resulting 

 product is gluten feed. It finds ready sale at from $17 to $20 per ton and appears 

 to be highly prized by dairymen as a feed for milch cows. 



Starch heated to 415° F. is converted into dextrine. Dextrine is used largely 

 in the manufacture of mucilage and paste, the latter being used to prevent the 

 running of the colors in the printing of calicos. 



The- mucilage found on postage stamps, envelopes and wrappers is made from a 

 gum manufactured from starch. 



Starch treated with dilute acid is converted into grape sugar, or. glucose, most 

 of which is sold in the form of syrup at from 1 cent to IV2 cents per pound 

 wholesale. One factory alone converts 10,000 bushels of corn daily into glucose 

 syrup. The sugar may be separated from the syrup and can be purchased upon 

 the market. 



Glucose sugar is not more than two-thirds as sweet as ordinary sugar. 



Karo, the table syrup advertised so much at the present time, is composed of 

 90 per cent glucose syrup and 10 per cent cane syrup. It makes a very pleasant 

 table syrup. 



Question 11. The starch and glucose manufacturers claim that the farmers of 

 Iowa e. g. can make money by selling a part of their corn to the glucose factory 

 atid buying back the by-products — bran, gluten, oil meal and gluten feed — to feed 

 their stock. Can you discover any reason for believing the claim to be correct.^ 

 What? 



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