172 BOARD OP AGRICULTURE. [Jail , 



'eye' or stem extremity. The flesh of the apple was somewhat 

 discolored in places, and rather hard and knotty in lines running to 

 the core. The fruit was thus unfitted for use, and when attacked 

 became stunted and one-sided in its growth. Mr. Campbell's apple 

 crop was very materially diminished by this means. Many of the 

 ' cluster cups ' upon the fruit were longer and larger than those 

 upon the leaves. This was very distinct to the unaided eye. A 

 second point of great interest to fruit-growers is the connection 

 of the 'cedar-apples' with these 'cluster-cups.' I am glad to be 

 able to add evidence which is so conclusive that in my own mind 

 there is no longer any doubt of the specific identity of the two 

 forms which are apparently so different in their nature. The trees 

 from which the specimens were taken were rather closely set, 

 young and thrifty. Two red cedars were growing very near them. 

 One was small, and upon it were found a lialf-dozen of ' cedar- 

 apples '; the other was a moderate-sized tree, upon which were 

 very many. Upon the apple trees nearest the cedars scarcely an 

 apple or a leaf escaped infection. A few rods off was an older 

 orchard, separated by a narrow roadway; only an occasional apple 

 upon these trees showed the fungus. It appears as if the ' Pound ' 

 apple was more susceptible to attack than other kinds; for one 

 or two trees of other varieties, and apparently equally exposed, 

 showed less of infested fruit." 



Two practical methods of destroying the pest are suggested. In 

 the spring gather and burn all the cedar-apples — if it is thought 

 best to not sacrifice the cedar trees, and in the autumn rake to- 

 gether and burn the apple leaves. 



The Peach Cukl Fungds. 



Soon after the peach leaves unfold from the bud, and before 

 they have reached one-half their natural size, they are frequently 

 seen to be distorted into very strange shapes, and of an unnatural 

 color, often variegated with red, and otherwise highly colored. 

 This is the " peach-curl," and is an old and prevalent injurious 

 deformity, the cause of which has been variously ascribed to 

 aphides, or plant-lice, lack of some food element in the soil, and 

 even to electricity. The trouble is due to a fungus (^Taphrina 

 deformans), which grows within the tissue of the young peach leaf, 

 and brings about the peculiar external appearance so often met 

 with in the peach orchard in early spring. The fungus does not 



