106 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



similar to those produced by the removal of a ring of bark or the applica- 

 tion of a ligature. ! 



John Lindley said:"' " It seems allowable to infer that the goodness of 

 , cultivated fruits is deteriorated by their being uniformly worked on stocks 

 whose fruit is worthless. " 



McTntosh, in his " Book of the Garden, " 8 after giving the testimony 

 of various authorities upon the subject, says: "'The influence of the graft 

 upon the stock appears scarcely to extend beyond the power of communi- 

 cating disease. " 



M. T. Masters, editor of the Gardeners' Chronicle, thinks Uhat English 

 gardeners generally believe that the size, flavor, fruitfulness, and period of 

 ripening of fruit maybe changed by grafting, but not the form. 



Patrick Barry said ("Fruit Culturist" 1851, p. 82): "A great many 

 improvements may be effected, not only in the form and growth of trees, 

 but in the quality of the fruit, by double working. Very few experiments 

 have yet been made on the subject in this country, except from necessity: 

 but the general interest now felt on all matters pertaining to fruit-tree 

 culture can not fail to direct attention to this and similar matters that 

 have heretofore in a great measure been overlooked.'' 



A. J. Downing said: r ' "But whilst grafting never effects any alteration 

 in the identity of the variety or species of fruit, still it is not to be denied 

 that the stock does exert eertain influences over the habits of the graft. 

 The most important of these are dwarfing, inducing fruitfulness, and 

 adapting the graft to the soil or climate. " 



J.J. Thomas said: ti "Grafting enables us to multiply an individual 

 variety without a shade of variation to an unlimited extent. ' By this, 

 however, he evidently does not mean that no change in the character of 

 the plant occurs, for in the same connection he states that varieties may 

 be brought earlier into bearing and rendered more hardy by being grafted 

 on certain stocks. 



Peter Henderson 7 believed that the stock had no effect on the identity 

 of the graft. In roses he stated that each kind would retain its own 

 color, form, and odor, upon whatever stock it was grafted. The stock he 

 said had no effect upon the flavor of the fruit in apples. 



Wm. C. Lodge said:* "On the principle that the vigorous growth of 

 the tree is at the expense of its fruitfulness, and on the other hand that 

 prolificacy interferes with a vigorous growth, we understand that to work 

 a strong- growing scion upon a weakly stock will bring the tree into fruit- 

 ing at an early age. But why the stocks should hasten or retard the 

 period of ripening, or how it changes the color, flavor, or size of the fruit, 

 is not so easily shown. " 



C. M. Hovey believed that grafting produced no other change than 

 ordinary dwarfing, except when variegated leaved plants were grafted on 

 green leaved ones. 9 



Prof. T.J. Burrill says (Missouri Hort. Rep., 1887, p. 460): "All 

 cases cited in the literature of the subject are due to simple nutrition or 



1 Horticultural Papers, p. 221. 



2 Quoted, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1867, p. 315. 



3 Vol. II, 1855, p. 326. 



* Gardeners' Chronicle, 1872, p. 322 



s Fruits and Fruit Trees of America, 1869, p. 28. 

 Rep. U. S. Pat. Office (Ag.,) 1856, p. 315. 

 i Country Gentleman, 1884, p. 1050. 



* Report of the U. S. Patent Office (Agriculture). 1865, p. 281. 



* The Garden, Vol. XVII. 1880, p. 493. 



