128 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Woodrow, in his "Gardening in India" (1888), p. 189, says: "Much 

 has been written regarding the sweet lime as a stock for orange trees, and 

 nearly all who notice the subject take it for granted that it will increase 

 the sweetness of an orange. ' ' I have been very carefully 



searching for any definite results on this subject attained by others, but 

 without success." 



In Palestine the orange is budded on the sweet lemon, apparently 

 because it furnishes vigorous, healthy stocks. (Scientific American Sup- 

 plement, 1885, page 7958.) 



In Sicily, apparently for the same reason, the orange and lemon are both 

 budded on the sour orange. (lb., 1886, p. 8154). The following account 

 of the effect of different stocks on the tree and fruit of the Mandarin is 

 taken from the Revue Horticole for 1885, page 265: "We have received 

 from our collaborator, M. Pfrimmek of Misserghin (Algeria), the follow- 

 ing interesting communication: Upon reading what was said in the 

 Revue Horticole upon ' Double Working and its influences on Vegetation,' 

 I thought I would cite an example of the same kind. As every one knows, 

 in Algeria when they graft the Mandarin (Citrus nobilis) upon the citron 

 it grows in a surprising manner the first year. The second year it fruits 

 abundantly, but during the third year it dies. We also know that grafts 

 of the Mandarin on the Cedrat grow very poorly, owing to the fact that 

 the suckers of the Cedrat have no tap root and few fibers. A dozen years 

 ago I grafted several Cedrats and Mandarins which remain today in a con- 

 dition of poor shrubs not over two feet in height, while some sour orange 

 seedlings which were eight years ago grafted at six years of age to Man- 

 darins, form today magnificent trees nine to twelve feet high, full of health, 

 and loaded with golden fruit all winter. The same difference is seen in the 

 fruits. Those coming from the grafts on the Cedrat have the flesh woody, 

 granular, and coarse-grained, while those from the grafts on the sour 

 orange have fine, juicy, and melting flesh. Having at my disposal a strong 

 citron tree on which we preferred to grow Mandarins, I had recourse to 

 double grafting. The direct graft gave only negative results, as I expected. 

 I first grafted a Cedrat on the Citron, and in the same year placed buds of 

 Mandarin on the young shoots of the Cedrat. The result fully equaled 

 my expectation, and for more than seven years I have gathered good fruit 

 from the tree so grafted. 



COLOR. 



In the preceding section, a number of cases were incidentally mentioned 

 where grafted fruits were darker or lighter in color according to the color 

 of the fruit of the stocks upon which they were grown. Knight regarded 

 the heightened color often exhibited by grafted fruits to be due only to 

 accelerated ripening, resulting from the mechanical obstruction of the sap 

 produced by grafting. Bailey ' considers that early maturing stocks may 

 cause the fruit of grafts to ripen earlier and so become more highly colored. 

 Some of the cases already quoted can not be accounted for by either of 

 these causes, and the following additional cases mainly of the transfer of 

 color in leaf and stem between stock and graft support the belief that the 

 stock may more directly modify the color of grafted fruits. 



M. T. Masters, in his Teratology,' pages 50-2, says: " Ltndley cites the 

 case wherein two carrots, of the White Belgian and Red Surrey varieties 

 respectively, had grown so close to each other that each twisted half round 



i Garden and Forest, 1S90, page 101. 



