134 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



" The hardiness of a tree is but slightly changed by the stock except as its 

 growth is influenced to mature early or late in the season." 



C. M. Hoyey, in the Transactions of the Massachusetts Horticultural 

 Society, 1880, page 104, said: " If trees could be made hardier by graft- 

 ing on hardy stocks, that would be a very important point; but the idea of 

 acclimation by this means is utopian." 



Philip Miller of England, in his " Gardener's Dictionary," 1731, in 

 the article on grafting, says, on the other hand: "It is by this method that 

 many kinds of exotic trees are not only propagated, but also rendered 

 hardy enough to endure the cold of our climate in the open air; for, being 

 grafted upon stocks of the same sort which are hardy, the grafts are ren- 

 dered more capable to endure the cold, as hath been experienced in most 

 of our valuable fruits now in England which were formerly transplanted 

 either from more southerly climates and were at first too impatient of our 

 cold to succeed well abroad, but have been by budding or grafting upon 

 more hardy trees rendered capable of resisting our severest cold." 



J. C. Loudon, in the Horticulturist (1849), page 283, says: "The 

 hardiness of some species is also increased by grafting them, as in the 

 case of Eriobotyra Japonica on the common thorn, and the Pistaciavera 

 on the Pistacia Terebinthus. The Quercus virens is rendered hardier by 

 being grafted on the evergreen oak; but in other cases the species are 

 rendered more tender, as when the lilac is grafted on the phillyrea. Those 

 species that are rendered hardier by grafting have probably tender roots, 

 and by being placed on such as are hardier they suffer only from the cold 

 at top, instead of being injured by the effects of cold both at root and 

 top; or if they grow more stunted they will also be less susceptible of 

 cold." 



The editor of the Revue Horticole states in that journal for 1880, page 

 402, that in a collection of several thousand sorts of rose nearly every 

 plant was winter-killed, both stock and graft, with the exception of three 

 hardy varieties, which were uninjured either as stock or graft, thus show- 

 ing that hardy grafts maintain vitality in the stock. 



The peach, in the cool climate of England, is more successful on the 

 plum than on its own roots. ' 



B. A. Matthews of Knoxville, Iowa, states in the Report of the Iowa 

 Horticultural Society for 1886, page 101, that the peach on plum stocks 

 does better with him than on peach stocks. It seems to ripen earlier and 

 stand the winters better. 



J. Sibley of England says in The Garden, Vol. XXV, 1884, page 62: 

 " I had in the severe winter of 1871 a sad experience. All the pear trees 

 in my garden grafted on quinces were killed by the hard frost, while those 

 on pear stocks survived." A similar experience in France is quoted in 

 the Gardeners' Monttdy for 1883, page 173. 



A. J. Downing, in his " Fruits and Fruit Trees of America" (1869), page 

 29. says: " A variety of fruit which is found rather tender for a certain 

 climate or a peculiar neighborhood is frequently acclimatized by grafting 

 it on a native stock of very hardy habits. Thus, near the sea coast, where 

 the finer plums thrive badly, we have seen them greatly improved by being 

 worked on the beach plum." 



W. J. Beal, in the Report of the Michigan Board of Agriculture for 

 1876, page 204, says: " I have tried to find out whether the Baldwin apple 

 would not be more hardy in cold climates if top-grafted upon a hardy tree. 

 I believe it is so affected, at least in some cases." 



1 Lindley, quoted by M. T. Masters in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9th edition. Vol. XII, page 213. 



