142 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



obtain hybrid blants by grafting. Cytisiis purpurascens is said to have 

 been originated by M. Adam, a Parisian horticulturist, in 1828, and was 

 produced by grafting Cytisus purpureus on the common yellow labur- 

 num (Cytisus laburnum) as a stock. The branches below the graft pro- 

 duced common yellow laburnum flowers of large size, while those above 

 the graft bear small purple laburnum flowers, as well as reddish ones inter- 

 mediate between those of the scion and stock in size and color, and not 

 unfrequently yellow and purple flowers are borne side by side in the same 

 cluster. " 



Petee Henderson, in 1881, stated 1 that a variegated scion would infect 

 the stock, but that true graft hybrids never occurred. 



In 1879, William Burns of Scotland exhibited before the Scottish 

 Horticultural association, three specimens of pear, the Aston Town, 

 Beurre Clairgeau, and a fruit from a graft of the latter set in a tree of the 

 former. The Aston Town is small and nearly spherical, the Clairgeau 

 more than twice as large, and, as is well known, much elongated, while the 

 fruit borne by the Clairgeau graft upon the tree of Aston Town was inter- 

 mediate in size and shape between the others. Figures of these fruits are 

 given in the Gardeners' Chronicle for 1880, page 53. The number pro- 

 duced was not stated. 



In the same journal for 1880, page 597, the editor, M. T. Masters, states 

 that he has now received flowers and shoots of the supposed graft-hybrid 

 and finds them intermediate in character between that of the stock and 

 scion. He therefore, "in spite of the prevailing scepticism among gar- 

 deners as to this point," is inclined to regard the case as one of true graft- 

 hybridism. 



Thomas Meehan, in the Gardeners' Monthly, May, 1867, 2 gave an 

 account of a pear on the mountain ash, in which he says: "It is a well- 

 attested fact that seven inches below the junction of the two a pear shoot 

 appeared upon the mountain ash stock." Such a case would indeed need 

 to be well attested before botanists and horticulturists would be likely to 

 accept it. 



Do graft-changed varieties retain their newly acquired features? M. T. 

 Masters {Gardeners' Chronicle, 1883, page 667) thinks it probable that 

 they do; and gives the permanence of bhe so-called graft-hybrid, Cytisus 

 Adami, as an example. Another writer in the same journal (1883, p. 729) 

 believes that graft-changed varieties will revert, when grafted on other 

 stocks, to the usual form, and states thaj he has repeatedly seen evidence 

 of the fact. An instance is given where the grape, Golden Queen, grafted 

 on Buckland Sweetwater, became long and pointed and improved in 

 quality, the changes being so great that the variety became unrecogniz- 

 able. Cuttings taken from this graft, however, again produced the Golden 

 Queen of the original character. 



In the section on "Variegation" it was shown that variegation induced 

 by budding or grafting was sometimes permanent and sometimes not. 



G. J. Romanes states in the article in the Encylopedia Brittanica 

 already referred to 3 that Adam's laburnum is now flourishing in numerous 

 places throughout Europe, all the trees having been raised as cuttings 

 from the original graft, which was made by inserting a bud of the purple 

 laburnum into a stock of the yellow. M. Adam, who made the graft, has left 



1 Country Gentleman, 1881, page 760. 



2 Quoted in American Agriculturist, 1868, p?ge 260, and apparently referred to in Gardeners' Chronicle, 

 1872, page 322. 



3 9th edition, 1881, vol. XII, p. 426. 



