MUTUAL INFLUENCE OF THE STOCK AND GRAFT. 143 



on record that from it there sprang the existing hybrid. There can be 

 no question as to the truly hybrid character or! the latter — all the peculiar- 

 ities of both parents being often blended in the same raceme, flower, or 

 even petal; but, until the experiment shall have been successfully repeated, 

 there must always remain a strong suspicion that, notwithstanding the 

 assertion, and doubtless the belief, of M. Adam, the hybrid arose as a cross 

 in the ordinary way of seminal reproduction. 



Similarly the Bizzarria orange, which is unquestionably a hybrid 

 between the bitter orange and the citron — since it presents the remarkable 

 spectacle of these two different fruits blended into one — is stated by the 

 gardener who first succeeded in producing it to have arisen as a graft- 

 hybrid; but here again a similar doubt, similarly due to the need of cor- 

 roboration, attaches to the statement. And the same remark applies to 

 the still more wonderful case of the so-called trifacial orange, which blends 

 three distinct kinds of fruit into one, and which is said to have been pro- 

 duced by artificially splitting and uniting the seeds taken from the three 

 distinct species, the fruits of which now occur blended in the triple 

 hybrid." 



To this may be added the following on " bifacial oranges " from the 

 Tropical Agriculturist, 1884, page 712: In the " Province Agricole, M. 

 Heckel tells us how the fruits which on one side present the char- 

 acteristics of oranges and on the other those of lemons are produced. A 

 nurseryman at Cannes, M. Tordo, takes scions (burgeous) of various 

 species of citrus, orange, lemon, etc., and grafts them circularly around 

 the trunk of a citrus, arranging the scions closely together in pairs, so as 

 to bring about complete fusion of scions. When the grafts have adhered, 

 the trees are headed down to within a short distance of the grafts, and in 

 spring branches are seen which give rise to monstrous fruits having the 

 different characteristics of the different grafts blended together. The 

 branches which originate from the ingrafted shoots produce leaves which 

 are greatly changed in form and differ from those of either species, thus 

 affording a striking proof of graft-hybridzation. The flowers of the two 

 species are also fused." 



John B. Morse is reported as follows in the Transactions of the Massa- 

 chusetts Horticultural Society for 1879, page 20: "A man in Hubbardston 

 claimed to have originated the Hubbardston Nonsuch by grafting a sweet 

 apple on a sour. The speaker had visited the original Hubbardston Non- 

 such tree, and found the top broken off, and sprouts producing fine apples, 

 but there was no indication of grafting. The statement referred to was 

 not merely an error, but a deliberate falsehood circulated through the 

 newspapers." In the same publication for 1888, page 110-15, is an account 

 of an apple known as Red Russett, which is claimed by some, without 

 good evidence, to be a graft hybrid between the Roxbury Russett and the 

 Baldwin. J. A. Warder says that it is supposed to be a sport from the 

 Baldwin. (Transactions Illinois Horticultural Society, 1870, p. 62.). 



In the Gardeners' Chronicle for 1879, pages 631 and 690, is recorded an 

 apparent case of graft hybridization. A briar rose was grafted with a 

 white variety, and this again with a pink variety. The last scion produced 

 a branch which bore a white rose of a new type which was perpetuated 

 under the name Mabel Morrison. The gardener who performed the 

 work believed it to be a case of graft-hybridization, but Mr. Bennet, the 

 grower, considered it a sport. 



It appears, therefore, that a majority at least of the striking examples 



