322 STATE HORTICULTURAL. SOCIETY. 



A few forms, such as the powdery mildews, live on the outside of their 

 hosts, and secure their food by sending slender root-like organs down into 

 the tissues. Such plants are readily destroyed by almost any fungicide. 

 Most of the fungi, however, live within the plant, and, if they have once 

 gained a lodgment, can then carry on their work of destruction, and 

 will be beyond the reach of any fungicide. For all such, the applications 

 must be made early in the season, before the spores have germinated, and 

 should be repeated at frequent intervals. 



FORMULAE FOR FUNGICIDES. 



The following standard formulae have been thoroughly tested both in 

 this country and in Europe and, when used in season, have been found 

 effective remedies for the diseases for which they are recommended. 



BORDEAUX MIXTURE. 



This when used as in formula 3 is one of the cheapest and perhaps most 

 powerful fungicides in the list. It remains on the plants a long time, and 

 as it looks something like whitewash, should not be applied to parts that 

 are to be used as food. This, although it adds to its value as a fungus 

 destroyer, greatly lessens the range of plants upon which it can be used. 



Three formulae are given below, differing only in strength, which should 

 be used as described later on. 



1. Dissolve 6 pounds of copper sulphate in 16 gallons of hot water. 

 Slake 4 pounds of quick-lime in 6 gallons of water. When cool pour 

 together slowly, with constant stirring. This may be modified by using 8 

 pounds of lime and after slaking allow the lime to settle, using only the 

 lime water. 



2. Use 4 pounds copper sulphate, 3 pounds of lime, and 22 gallons of 

 water; or 



3. Two pounds copper sulphate, 1^ pounds of lime, and 22 gallons of 

 water. 



The greatest care should be taken to strain the mixture as otherwise the 

 valves of the pump and the nozzle will become clogged, and considerable 

 time will be wasted in cleaning them. For this fungicide, in particular, the 

 Vermorel nozzle should be used, as it is so readily freed from obstructions. 



EAU CELESTE. 



The original formula for this fungicide did not prove entirely satisfac- 

 tory, on account of the injurious effects that were often produced on the 

 foliage ; for this reason a modified formula was recommended and has been 

 found much more desirable. As we have used it, the following proportions 

 have been found satisfactory: 



Sulphate of copper 2 pounds. 



Carbonate of soda 2 pounds. ' 



Ammonia water, 26° 3 pints. 



Water 32 uallons. 



» i 



Dissolve the copper sulphate in 2 gallons of hot water; in another ves- 



