410 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Per cent. 



Kerosene gallons. __ 2 67 



Common soap or whale-oil soap pounds. _J£ ) Q o 



Water gallons. ..1 \ 



Heat the solution of soap and add it boiling hot to the kerosene. 

 Churn the mixture by means of a force pump and spray nozzle for five or 

 ten minutes. The emulsion, if perfect, forms a cream which thickens 

 upon cooling and should adhere without oiliness to the surface of glass. 

 If the water from the soil is hard or has a large percentage of lime, add a 

 little lye or bicarbonate of soda, or else use rain water. For use against 

 scale insects dilute one part of the emulsion with nine parts of cold water. 

 For most other insects dilute one part of the emulsion with fifteen parts of 

 water. For soft insects like plant lice the dilution may be carried to from 

 20 to 25 parts of water. 



The milk emulsion is produced by the same methods as the above. 



THE ARSENITES: LONDON PURPLE, PARIS GREEN, AND WHITE ARSENIC. 



These poisons are of the greatest service against all masticating insects, 

 as larvae and beetles, and they furnish the most satisfactory means of con- 

 trolling most leaf-feeders, and the best wholesale remedy against the 

 codlin moth. Caution must be used in applying them, on account of 

 the liability of burning or scalding the foliage. 



The poisons should be thoroughly mixed with water at the rate of from 

 1 pound to 100 to 250 gallons of water, and applied with a force pump and 

 spray nozzle. In preparing the wash, it will be best to first mix the poison 

 with a small quantity of water, making a thick batter, and then dilute the 

 latter and add to the reservoir or spray tank, mixing the whole thoroughly. 

 When freshly mixed, either London purple or Paris green may be applied 

 to apple, plum, and other fruit trees except the peach, at the rate of 1 

 pound to 150 to 200 gallons, the latter amount beiDg recommended for the 

 plum, which is somewhat more susceptible to scalding than the apple. 

 White arsenic does little if any injury at the rate of 1 pound to 50 gallons 

 of water when freshly mixed. As shown by Mr. Gillette, however, when 

 allowed to remain some time (two weeks or more) in water, the white arsenic 

 acts with wonderful energy, scalding, when used at the rate of 1 pound to 

 100 gallons, from 10 to 90 per cent, of the foliage; the action of the other 

 arsenites remains practically the same, with perhaps a slight increase in the 

 case of London purple. 



With the peach these poisons, when applied alone, even at the rate of 1 

 pound to 300 or more gallons of water, are injurious in their action, 

 causing the loss of much of the foliage. 



By the addition of a little lime to the mixture, London purple and Paris 

 green may be safely applied, at the rate of 1 pound to 125 to 150 gallons 

 of water, to the tenderest peach foliage, or in much greater strength to 

 strong foliage, such as that of the apple or most shade trees. 



Whenever, therefore, the application is made to tender foliage, or when 

 the treating with a strong mixture is desirable, lime water, milky, but not 

 heavy enough to close the nozzle, should be added at the rate of about 2 

 gallons to 100 gallons of the poison. 



With the apple, in spraying for the codlin moth, at least two applica- 

 tions should be made, the first after the falling of the blossoms or when 

 the apples are about the size of peas, and the second a week or ten days 



