U. S. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 427 



ence has shown that any of the treatments recommended for black rot will 

 do this providing the anthracnose is not unusually severe. 



METHODS OF APPLYING THE EEMEDIES. 



It is of the utmost importance that the remedies reach all the green 

 parts of the vine. These do not need to be drenched; on the contrary they 

 only require a thin film of the fungicide to protect them against infection. 

 It is only possible to obtain this even distribution by means of careful 

 work and the use of suitable spraying pumps and nozzles. It is next to 

 useless to resort to watering cans and old brooms as many do. although 

 this treatment is perhaps better than none at all. At the present time 

 every gardener, farmer, and fruitgrower should own a spraying machine of 

 some kind. There are so many in the market and they can be obtained so 

 readily that it is useless to mention any particular styles. Where one has 

 only a few vines one of the ordinary brass syringes sold by florists for 

 $1.50 will answer. For medium-size vineyards, i. e., 10 to 20 acres, the 

 knapsack form of pump provided with spraying nozzles is a most excellent 

 machine. These pumps are now largely used in vineyards where the ground 

 is uneven or where it is difficult to get in with the large horse-power 

 machines. The prices of these pumps complete range from $14 to $25; 

 they are sold now by nearly all reputable "agricultural implement dealers. 

 For large vineyards where the ground is level large machines may be used. 

 Machines of this kind are made which will spray an acre in 30 minutes, 

 requiring the labor of two men, two horses and a boy to manage them. 



A very convenient machine, suitable for large vineyards, can be rigged 

 up at home, the materials necessary being a barrel, a strong force pump 

 having two discharge pipes, two pieces of three-quarter-inch hose each 16 

 feet long and two spraying nozzles. This outfit complete need not cost 

 over S15. The apparatus is placed in a wagon or cart, which is drawn by 

 a horse. A boy manages the horse while one man remains in the wagon 

 or cart and works the pump; two more men follow behind using the nozzles 

 and spraying two rows at a time. When such a machine as this is used it 

 will keep two men busy preparing the fungicide. 



COST OF THE TREATMENTS. 



The cost of the treatments will depend in a large measure upon the kind 

 of spraying apparatus used and prices paid for chemicals. With a good 

 spraying machine and chemicals obtained at wholesale figures it is safe to 

 estimate the total cost of treating, say an acre of bearing grapes, with the 

 principal remedies six times, as follows: 



Cent6. 



Bordeaux mixture per vine — 3 



Ammoniacal solution do 2 



Bordeaux mixture, two sprayings; ammoniacal solution, four sprayings do 2% 



Additional expense of spraying with simple solution of copper sulphate do % 



These figures are based upon the fact that the chemicals are purchased 

 at the following usual wholesale prices: 



Cents, 



Copper sulphate, crystals per pound-. 6 



Copper carbonate do 40 



Aqua ammonia, 26° do 8 



Ammonia carbonate do 11 



Lime per busheL- 30 



