428 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



It requires on an average three quarts of liquid per vine for the season's 

 work of six applications. Taking the foregoing as a basis, we will, to be 

 more explicit, estimate the cost of treating an acre of bearing vines, assum- 

 ing that the rows are 10 feet apart and the vines are eight feet apart in the 

 row. This will give 544 vines to the acre. Multiplying by § will give us 

 408, the number of gallons required to treat an acre. Four hundred and 

 eight gallons of the Bordeaux mixture will cost as follows: 



Copper sulphate, 111 pounds, at 6 cents $6 66 



Lime, 74 pounds 50 



Total $7 16 



With an ordinary knapsack sprayer it will require about 92 hours of 

 labor to make six applications in the proper manner. Estimating this 

 labor at 10 cents an hour we have $9.20. Adding this to the cost of chem- 

 icals brings the total up to $16.36. This amount divided by 544, the num- 

 ber of vines to the acre, gives practically 3 cents. These figures, we 

 believe, will enable any one to answer such questions as may arise in con- 

 nection with this part of the subject, taking it for granted that the labor 

 for each liquid is the same. 



CONCLUDING REMARKS. 



Under this heading we wish to call special attention to the importance of 

 early treatment, and the absolute necessity of always bearing in mind that 

 the work is wholly preventive. The man who waits until mildew or 

 black rot has a fair start in his vineyard, before beginning the fight, might 

 probably just as well pour his fungicides on the ground for all the good it 

 will do his vines. 



There is no longer any question as to the efficacy of these treatments, as 

 is evidenced by the fact that thousands of grape-growers are now adopting 

 them and are saving in consequence all the way from 50 to 90 per cent, of 

 their crop. As the matter now stands, success rests wholly with the one 

 who plans and carries on the work. 



One other matter in this connection seems worthy of attention, and that 

 is this: It should be the aim of every fruitgrower to keep his plants in 

 health whether they are bearing fruit or not. If they do not bear fruit 

 this year they will in all probability do so the next. For this purpose it is 

 necessary that they shall have stored up sufficient material to properly 

 mature the fruit, and this is made possible only by the presence of vigor- 

 ous, healthy foliage. Spray, therefore, if it will save the foliage, for there 

 is no doubt that the little expended in this way will, in the end, yield a 

 handsome profit. 



EXTKACTS FEOM REPORT OF THE POMOLOG1ST FOR 1891. 



THE FRUIT CROP OF THE YEAR. 



The fruit crop of the year 1891 was remarkably large. Apples have not 

 only been very abundant, but owing to the scarcity last year of fruit in 

 which insects breed, and to the increased use of insecticides and fungicides, 



