BULLETINS OF THE ELEVENTH CENSUS. 447 



Eastern Division. — Viticulture in the Eastern division is mainly con- 

 fined to a few counties in New Jersey ; the Hudson River district of New 

 York state, comprising about 13,000 acres, situated in the counties of 

 Orange, Ulster, Eockland, Putnam and Westchester; the Keuka district, 

 of 14,500 acres, on Lake Keuka, including Yates and Steuben counties; 

 the Canandaigua district, of 3,200 acres, comprising parts of Ontario and 

 Yates counties bordering on Canandaigua lake; the Ontario and Wayne 

 district, of 1,200 acres, including portions of counties of the same names;: 

 the Seneca district, with 5,000 acres, found in portions of Seneca and 

 Schuyler counties; the Chautauqua district, of 10,800 acres, near the 

 shores of Lake Erie, in Chautauqua county, New York, and Erie county, 

 Pennsylvania; in addition to which Niagara and other counties of New 

 York have vineyards aggregating 3,300 acres. 



Four fifths of the grapes grown in the Eastern division are used for 

 table purposes, the crop of 1890 amounting in round numbers to 98,000,- 

 000 pounds or 49,000 tons, and requiring nearly 5,000 cars for its trans- 

 portation to market. The varieties most largely grown and generally in 

 favor are the Concord, Catawba, and Delaware, while other market varie- 

 ties are Moore's Early, Niagara, Diana, Worden, Isabella, Wyoming, and 

 Brighton. 



This division supplies the eastern markets with table grapes from early 

 in September until the following March or April. The favorite packages 

 are five and ten pound baskets, those put up in the most attractive manner 

 returning • the best prices. Sales are mainly made through commission! 

 merchants, although some localities have of late organized " exchanges,"' 

 through which they make their own shipments and sell in a more direct 

 manner, effecting a saving in the expense of handling and transportation. 

 In this division, as well as in all others east of the Rocky mountains, the 

 fungoid diseases have of late years worked great injury to the industry, 

 and the year 1889 was a particularly disastrous one, Not only did these 

 diseases retard the work and discourage many of the growers, but frost 

 destroyed the buds generally (in the month of May). It was also an 

 unusually rainy season, developing mildew and the black, brown, and gray 

 rot, and causing a loss of at least fifty per cent. 



There are in the Eastern division ( in the Keuka district, in New York 

 state) eight wine cellars, each with a capacity of from 20,000 to 300,000 

 gallons. Two of these carry a stock of 300,000 bottles of champagne each. 

 There are other wine cellars in this locality making champagne in a smaller 

 way by fermentation in the bottle. 



Middle Division. — This division comprises the states of Illinois, Indi- 

 ana, and Ohio. In Ohio the industry is mainly found on the Lake Erie 

 islands and in the northern tier of counties bordering on the lake. To 

 some extent, however, it exists in almost every portion of the state. The 

 Lake Erie islands and the lake counties were personally visited in the 

 month of September last. There are in this district, in all, 10,228 acres. 

 The islands furnish to the markets about one half of their product for table 

 grapes, the remainder being sent to the wine cellars. Erie county fur- 

 nishes four fifths of its product for table grapes and one fifth for wine. In 

 Cuyahoga county, embracing what is known as the Euclid district, nearly 

 all the product is shipped to various western markets, and while this inves- 

 tigation was being made (about October 1, 1890) at Euclid, Cuyahoga 

 county, the special agent saw nine car loads of grapes started on their way 

 to Denver, Colorado, in one shipment. There were shipped from Euclid, 



