BULLETINS OP THE ELEVENTH CENSUS. 471 



In 1768 the Society for Promotion of Arts at New York awarded a pre- 

 mium of =£10 to Thomas Young, of Oyster Bay, for the largest number of 

 apple trees, the number being 27,123. 



In 1796, George Heusler, on the farm of Elias H. Derby, in the town 

 of Danvers, Massachuseets, was offering trees for sale. 



In 1796 two brothers by the name of Vaughn established a nursery at 

 Hallowell, Maine, and by importing and testing all the leading varieties of 

 Europe did much to advance the horticulture of Maine. Ephriam Good- 

 ale also started a nursery at Orrington, Maine, about 1800. 



This being the first time that the nurseries have ever been made the 

 subject of special census inquiry, there was found but little recorded data 

 to guide in the work; in fact, nothing to build upon except the notes just 

 given and the shaky foundation of a so-called " nursery directory," repre- 

 senting many dead firms, as well as others who were only dealers and not 

 growers of nursery stock. However, these were finally all weeded out, and 

 with the friendly assistance of the active nurserymen m each state, coupled 

 with the official work of the census enumerators, a live list was secured, 

 representing every producer of nursery stock in the United States. These 

 were all furnished with special blanks for full detailed report of their 

 productions, and while all have not reported, a very large majority have, 

 thus supplementing the figures given the census enumerators, which form 

 the basis of the tables of acreage and value. Many of the nurserymen 

 reported, keeping no recoi-d as to cost of production, labor, etc., had to 

 estimate this expense; but, however, as in nearly every instance these esti- 

 mates are very nearly the same as the figures furnished by others in the 

 same states who did keep a record, they are doubtless approximately cor- 

 rect, as are the other figures here given, which show that there are in the 

 United States 4,510 nurseries, valued at $41,978,835.80 and occupying 172,- 

 806 acres of land. In this business there is a total capital of $52,425,- 

 669.51 invested, which employs 45,637 men, 2,279 women, and 14,200 ani- 

 mals, propagating and cultivating trees and plants, with the aid of $990,- 

 606.04 worth of implements. 



There were found growing in the United States 95,025.42 acres of trees, 

 plants, shrubs, and vines of all ages, and figures based upon the best esti- 

 mates of the nurserymen make the grand total of plants and trees 3,386,- 

 855,778 (not including miscellaneous fruit trees and plants grown on 1,477 

 acres), of which 518,016,612 are fruit trees, 685,603,396 grapevines and 

 small fruits, and the balance evergreen and deciduous trees, hardy shrubs* 

 and roses. 



The following table shows the number grown of each class of trees and 

 plants, together with the number of acres and the average number grown 

 per acre: 



