46 State Horticultural Society. 



Mr. Howard — How many corn crops would you use? 



Mr. Todd — I would use four crops of corn, but if your land is 

 thin you can not use as many. The corn protects the young trees from 

 the sun. 



Mr. Dutcher — How do you prepare for the new tree or replant? 



Mr. Todd — After the fruit is gathered, clean up the orchard in the 

 fall for winter, pull the grass away and take off the unnecessary limbs. 

 At this time you can detect the dead trees. Bore a hole two feet under 

 the tree and use one stick of dynamite under to blow it out. Leave the 

 place open until spring, for the freezing is good for the ground. Borers 

 and all pests will be destroyed and the replants will grow. I don't find 

 new earth necessary, but fill the hole with near-by earth. Tobacco dust 

 put near the roots of the trees after they are set is beneficial and the 

 difference is readily seen where it is used. 



J. M. Irvine — Do you put clover after the corn and does it harbor 

 mice? 



Mr. Todd — I use the clover when it is necessary to have a fertilizer. 



Mr. Meyers — Will dynamite throw out a tree thirty-five or forty 

 years old? I have had success in putting in a new orchard where an 

 old one had been, 



Mr. Todd — If the tree is very large, use two sticks of dynamite. 



President Whitten — Mr. Todd is modest as to his success, but he 

 has given us good sense and the* pith of his practices. 



SCIENCE APPLIED WITH PROFIT. 



(0. H. Williamson, Quincy, 111.) 



When your esteemed secretary asked me to prepare a paper for this 

 meeting he assigned an ironical subject like the "Money-side of Fruit 

 Growing." My science, if I have any, is from books and scientific minds, 

 but we use it in a loose and unconventional way, as meaning the use 

 of some system in our work and good sense and such information as 

 we can get, and I have used it so. We speak of a man as just setting 

 out his orchard and he has to consider first location. I have long since 

 given up the inquiry as to whether I shall plant on the northeast or 

 some other slope. My rule is, never put out an orchard except 

 where there is the best of soil, where nature has richly stored the 

 food materials. Some soils are apparently poor or sterile but are richly 

 adapted to orchard growing. My experiences teaches me never to put 

 the trees where the soil is thin nor where the frost easily settles. I 



