48 State Horticultural Society. 



not favorable to all kinds; some may be a failure while others are suc- 

 cessful, and there are eight successful varieties for the West. We can- 

 not afford to neglect the early varieties. 



The work of spraying cannot be done rigidly by rule, it is most 

 foolish to spray by calendar dates. We must adapt our spraying to the 

 seasons and will need to change every year. The rule is not the master, 

 but reason in the use of the rule. 



When I became satisfied this spring that there was too much rain 

 at blooming time, I cultivated an orchard of beautiful Jonathan trees, 

 and had, as a result, a phenomenal set of fruit, and I did the same five 

 years ago and am persuaded that this is the reason of the fruit setting, 

 it re-inforces and invigorates the blossoms and is a safe plan. Watch 

 the weather and the conditions and make your rule. 



The most important spraying after the first is the later one and not 

 the intermediate. We do not have enough of the late spraying. It is 

 necessary to change the character of the spraying for the late applica- 

 tion. For the two late ones we use carbonate of copper and for the 

 early ones Bordeaux mixture. I am satisfied that many a fine crop has 

 been ruined by insects after July 15th. We should, however, protect 

 and defend our crop by spraying at this time and also in August, the 

 20th is the last date of our spraying. The price of spraying five times is 

 ten dollars per acre and the price of cultivating is five dollars per acre, 

 clover reduces it some; one and one-half cents per tree is said by other 

 orchardists to be the price for hoeing and fifteen dollars per acre for 

 cultivation. Five dollars per acre for commercial fertilizer has proved 

 beneficial through a season of years. From fifteen to twenty dollars per 

 acre for expenses is what you should spend if you want fruit, but the 

 business of growing wood instead of fruit is unprofitable, and you had 

 better direct your efforts to other channels. I am sure that legitimately 

 conducted, and if men take advantage of every new thing that is observed, 

 that the growing of apples is profitable. 



The orchardist should have an attitude receptive to newer light and 

 discoveries. The business of apple orcharding is legitimate and profit- 

 able, provided it is well conducted, but the man of ordinary means usually 

 undertakes the work on too large a scale. It is intensive and not ex- 

 tensive work. 



Pres. Whitten — Mr. F. W. Taylor, chief of the Department of Agri- 

 culture and Horticulture of the exposition is present at this time and 

 will give a short talk to the Society. Mr. Williamson has kindly allowed 

 his own paper to be interrupted in order that the Society may hear from 

 Mr. Taylor. 



