340 State Horticultural Society. 



varieties of rather inferior quality, such as Ben Davis, Lawver and 

 Mammoth Black Twig. 



Texas showed quite a number of varieties of apples and made a 

 large and creditable display of peaches and grapes. The peaches were 

 mostly Elberta, but quite a number of very promising seedlings were 

 shown. The grapes were mainly from T. V. Munson and consisted 

 largely of his 'hybrids. They are likely to be valuable at least in Texas. 

 Several shipments of oranges and other sub-tropical fruits from south 

 Texas indicate that these fruits will do well there. 



From the list of the awards given above, one can judge something 

 regarding the extent of the exhibits from the other states. iManv of 

 them had much merit, but this article is already too long. It should be 

 mentioned, however, that ever\' one was pleased with the development 

 along horticultural lines shown by the exhibits from Oklahoma, Indian 

 Territory, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico and Arizona. From the 

 latter territory the oranges compared well with the best from California 

 and the pomeloes were almost free from the bitterness that is generally 

 found in this fruit. 



CARE OF THE APPLE ORCHARD. 



(A. T. Nelson, Lebanon.) 



"Pruning and Cultivation of the Apple Orchard" is the subject as- 

 signed me by our worthy secretary, Mr. L. A. Goodman. As these 

 subjects have been discussed pro and con at every meeting of our 

 Society, I hardly know that I can enlighten any one unless he be a 

 new convert to the worthy cause. 



In taking up the subject of pruning, we, by rights, should start 

 with the one or two-year-old tree as it comes from the nursery. I be- 

 lieve it is as necessary to prune the roots as it is the tops. The mutilated 

 roots should all be trimmed back to the healthy parts, as well as the 

 long roots to 4 or 5 inches in length. In pruning the tops, I always 

 leave the central branch the longest and prune the other branches so as 

 to form the tree in a conical shape. Where the branches are too thick, 

 cut one out here and there. A branch that is forked, cut off the poorest 

 part. In starting an orchard the great success is at the planting of the 

 trees. In the following one, two. three or four years we do very little 

 pruning, and then only where a limb crosses another or a limb gets 

 broken. In after years when the limbs grow too thick, it is proper to 

 take out a limb here and there to admit a little sunshine and air. In 



