Miscellaneous. 369 



For insects that eat or bite the leaf, they simply add Paris Green to the 

 fungicide. For plant lice and scale insects, they add a double portion of 

 concentrated lye. In these formulae anybody's Bordeaux can be sub- 

 stituted and any duster on the market may be used. 



As to the when to spray, I need say but little. Remember that the 

 battle is not to the strong alone ; it is to the vigilant, the active. Watch 

 vour trees. Examine them early and often. As soon as an injurious 

 insect appears apply the proper remedy thoroughly and well. Use fungi- 

 cides all the time. If you use liquid, make a fine, yes, a very fine spray, 

 and quit before the tree drips. If you use the dry spray, enough 

 material to make sufficient dust to be readily seen should be used. More 

 is useless and a waste. The younger the larvae the easier it is to 

 kill them. Spray for canker worm as soon as the eggs are hatched. 

 Give another dose the next day and another the third. Spray for 

 codling moth just before the bloom opens, and again as soon as the petals 

 have fallen, but not while in bloom. Repeat in ten days, and then every 

 two weeks through July and August to catch the second crop that injures 

 our winter varieties. In conclusion I commend you to Prof. Bailey's 

 wise words : "The trinity of successful orcharding is cultivation, fertili- 

 zation and spraying." 



KEIFFER PEARS SELF-FERTILIZING. 



(Prof. J. C. Whitten.) 



Question. — I have a fine orchard of Keift'er pears, set two years 

 ago. I would like to know if it is advisable to plant some Garbers 

 near them in order to secure fertilization of the flowers, or does the 

 Keiffer fertilize its own flowers? Is the Garber as .good a pear as 

 the Keiffer? 



Answer. — Our experience with the Keift'er shows that it is capable 

 of self-fertilization, and that it often produces good crops of fruit 

 where its flowers do not receive pollen from any other variety. Some 

 years, however, it fails to properly fertilize its own flowers, and I am 

 inclined to the belief that it is wise to plant at least a small block of 

 Garbers near it to secure better fertilization of its flowers. The Garber 

 ripens ahead of the Keift'er and is out of the way before the latter comes 

 on the market. It is no better pear than the Keift'er, in fact, hardly 

 so good, but some Garbers may be marketed before the Keiffers are ready. 



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