Summer Meeting. 53 



together, stir it up and allow it to stand over night. The next morning 

 you will find that a chemical change has taken place, the arsenic uniting 

 with the lead to form arsenate of lead, which is a white, flocculent sub- 

 stance, which stays suspended in the water very readily. Place the entire 

 amount in 50 gallons of water, stir it up and spray. 



This arsenate of lead has many advantages over Paris green 

 London purple, Scheele's green, arsenate of lime, etc., in that it is more 

 easy to make, contains no lime whatever, and therefore does not stop up 

 the spray nozzle, remains suspended much longer than any other arsenical 

 spray, sticks upon the plants better than any other spray, is not adulter- 

 ated and will not hurt the plants. 



For sucking insects we usually use kerosene emulsion, which sub- 

 stance kills the insects which are touched by the spray itself. This, there- 

 fore, means that in spraying for sucking insects we must do more through 

 work than we are compelled to do for biting insects, since by putting 

 the arsenical spray upon a plant the biting insect can come along any 

 time and so long as the poison remains there, the insect, in eating the 

 plants, swallows the poison and is killed, while a sucking insect must, on 

 the other hand, be touched by the spray while the spraying is being done 

 or otherwise it will not be injured. Hence you must do thorough work 

 and spray while the insects are upon the plants. 



Kerosene emulsion should be made as follows : Dissolve a half 

 pound of hard soap (or one pound of soft soap) in a gallon of boiling 

 soft water. (If you do not have soft water, break the water in the 

 usual way.) While still boiling hot, remove from the fire and add 2 

 gallons of kerosene (coal oil). Remove your spray nozzle from the 

 pump and put the pump into the receptacle and pump this mixture back 

 into itself. This will churn it better than any other method. Keep this 

 pumping up for ten minutes, at the expiration of which time a complete 

 emulsion will be formed, which will be thick and creamy in consistency 

 and about one-third more bulk than you originally started with. Add this 

 to 19 gallons of water, stir thoroughly and spray. 



It sometimes becomes necessary to spray for sucking insects on straw- 

 berries while they are being picked, or cabbage where it is nearly headed 

 out, or lettuce, or other plants, the tissue of which we are to eat very 

 soon. Kerosene emulsion will taint the fruit or leaves and render them 

 distasteful. Under such circumstances it is advisable to try and kill 

 the sucking insects with tobacco tea, which can be made by steeping a 

 pound of refuse tobacco in 3 gallons of water until a strong tea is made, 

 then turn off the liquid and spray with it. We have on the market a most 

 excellent tobacco extract, which is better in every way than any I have 

 been able to make myself. It is known as "Rose Leaf Extract of 



