158 State Horticultural Society. 



"Cultivation of Orchards in Southern Indiana," was a practical paper 

 by Joe A. Jjurton of that state. He said he was striving for a midway 

 place between the scientist's cultivation all the time and the man who 

 didn't do any. The average man cannot, and does not need to follow 

 intense cultivation, he says. While not an advocate of blue grass orchards, 

 he has one that gives splendid results. It is disced thoroughly two times 

 in spring, each time the disc is run both ways to get into the tree rows. 

 Would not cultivate by any method late in the spring, as it prevents fruit 

 from coloring well. The soils need humus. Finds that to get best 

 results in keeping the surface of the soil in shape is with rolling cutter. 

 One inch of cover crop worked into two inches of soil makes a very suc- 

 cessful cover. 



The subject of spraying brought out much discussion. 



Mr. Pollard, Nebraska, has tried the old formulas recently, with 

 very indifferent success. Others report most favorably on arsenate of 

 lead, or disparene as a poison spray. Parker Earle, from whom it is 

 always safe to quote, prefers the later named chemicals, and finds them 

 very eft"ective. Arsenate of lead or Disparene will not burn the foliage, 

 and while it costs a little more at first, lasts much longer, nearly all sum- 

 mer, in fact; but the fruit being small when application is made, soon 

 grows and offers much exposed surface, which calls for another applica- 

 tion. Has used arsenate of soda and injured a good deal by burning. 

 Where there is so much uncertainty about some formulas, why not throw 

 them aside and use something that is absolutely safe and effective. 



S. M. Crowley, Rocky Ford, also favors the arsenate of lead. It sells 

 for 15c per pound in 100-pound kegs; three pounds is added to clear 

 water, 50 gallons, mixed well and used w^ithout further trouble. Remains 

 in suspension a long time, shows white on the foliage and will not burn. 



C. H. Williamson of Quincy, III, who was to report on "Grading 

 and Inspecting Fruit," said the committee was not in a position to make 

 such a report at this time. While they have a clear understanding of 

 what a No. i apple should be, are not prepared to speak positively for 

 lower grades. The buyer of the best grades of fruit is usually able to 

 protect himself, but those who must use the lower grades need protection 

 that they may get the grade the package calls for. A number i, as now- 

 considered, shall be of normal shape for the variety, of good color, free 

 from the action of worms or break in the skin, or any fungus disease, 

 hand-picked, and to be not less than 2>4 inches in diameter for the larger 

 varieties, and not less than 2>4 inches for smaller kinds, like Winesap, 

 Missouri Pippin and like sizes. 



"Observations of an American on Japanese Horticulture," by C. L. 



