American Pomological Society. 163 



his large orchards made a perfect covering ; was easily mowed down and 

 retained moisture and gave the soil proper conditions. He believed that 

 orchards should be cultivated during their first few years and then seeded 

 with some cover crop. He did not advocate high culture, but believed 

 that the orchard required attention all the time to get the best results. 

 Some of the figures that Mr. Burton gave as to the great value of com- 

 mercial orcharding follow: "In my orchard I had no trees of Grimes 

 Golden from which I sold the fruit for $1,700, being an average of $15-50 

 per tree." One can readily see from these figures that it pays to take care 

 of the orchard ; give it proper care and good culture, for when given this 

 it becomes one of the most remunerative investments that one can make. 



THE UNRELIABLE TREE DEALER. 



Prof. Morris of Oklahoma, discussing in his paper the source of trees 

 for orchard planting, said that the unsuspecting public were often made 

 to suffer from the irresponsible tree dealer.^ He gave many instances 

 to show how men had been unfairly dealt with in procuring their trees, 

 not getting what they ordered. He cited one instance where he knew 

 a party had gone into the woods, digging up willows, cutting them back 

 and shaping them and shipping them for peach trees. They were planted 

 out and grown one year before the owner was aware of the treatment he 

 had received. It was only more evidence of what has already been 

 said in these columns that the ordinary farmer and fruit grower should 

 onfy buy his trees and plants of his home nursery or of parties that he 

 knows are reliable. « 



SPRAYING THE APPLE ORCHARD. 



Congress-man Pollard of Nebraska, on the subject of spraying, said 

 that it is the only way to get a fruit crop one year with another. He 

 gave as his opinion that if spraying were properly done at the right 

 time and with the proper mixtures that we may expect a good crop of fruit 

 with ordinary conditions as we would a crop of corn or any other cereal. 

 For the codling moth, which is one of the greatest enemies of the apple, 

 he recommends four pounds of Paris green to fifty gallons of water. For 

 eating insects and for protecting the foliage from fungous diseases, he only 

 added Bordeaux mixture, as given in the regular formulas. Prof. Beach 

 of Iowa said that in spraying what was proper for the apple would be det- 

 rimental and injurious to the plum foliage. 



Mr. Dunlap of Illinois, who is one of the large fruit-growers, said that 

 one of the essentials of spraying for profit was doing it at the right time. 

 In giving his experience he said he had found that the early spraying, be- 



