164 State Horticultural Society. 



fore the leaves had opened, had always given the best results. Then you 

 could get your spray compound more evenly distributed over the tree be- 

 fore the foliage was in the way. 



Hon. Parker Earle, who is one of the veteran fruit growers of this 

 country, said that after years of experience and trying the many formulas 

 for spraying that he had found tliat arsenate of lead had given the best re- 

 sults, and that it was the only thing that he was using in his orchards 

 for the codling moth and the canker worm. He claims that you can 

 keep your orchard free from them with the assurance of a crop of apples 

 one year with another. The formula given of the arsenite was three 

 pounds of arsenate of lead to five gallons of water. Many advocated the 

 use of Disparene, but it was proven that this compound was the same as 

 the arsenate and was used at the rate of five pounds to 100 gallons. After 

 much discussion on the subject from different learned men, we believe that 

 we would recommend the using of the lead compounds for the codling 

 moth and the canker worm. 



EARLY SPRAYING THE BEST. 



Prof. Craig of Cornell University said that in a series of years where 

 they had sprayed for fungus that the early spraying, before the buds 

 opened, was the only really satisfactory time to do the work. Prof. Em- 

 erson of the Agricultural College of Nebraska gave a very extensive re- 

 port of the history of fruit growing in that state. He spoke quite at 

 length on the work of the early horticulturists, giving the history of their 

 first failures, and showing that it was only intelligence, coupled with 

 proper cultural ideas put into practice, that produced the first results. He 

 said that commercial orcharding was on the increase in Nebraska, and that 

 western Nebraska was bound to be a fruit country, as already quite ex- 

 tensive orchards were planted where but a few years ago it was deemed 

 worthless land, and in the semi-arid region, but that now, where proper 

 cultivation was given and where irrigation was possible, that both small 

 and large fruits were being planted, and that this year a good crop of 

 fruit is being harvested in this section. 



Prof. Munson of Texas gave a valuable paper on the growing and 

 the training of the grapevine, demonstrating before the association his 

 method of training the vine. It was by placing heavy posts three feet in 

 the ground every six or seven rods. On each is a cross arm about three 

 feet long fitted on top. This trains the vine on a string fOr each vine until 

 it gets high enough to reach the wires that are stapled on this cross arm. 

 This allows the vine to spread out each way, making a perfect arbor, so 

 that it can be easily attended, and allows good ventilation through the 



