Miscellaneous. 203 



SECRETARY GOODMAN ON ENVIRONMENT. 



L. A. Goodman, Secretary of the Missouri State Horticultural So- 

 ciety, was the next speaker; subject, "Influence of Environment." A 

 man of pleasing presence and evident experience in public address, Mr. 

 Goodman evinced great familiarity with his subject. "Adaptability is the 

 first consideration — of soil, climate and all external conditions to the varie- 

 ties we propose to raise. All fruits are influenced by environment." Il- 

 lustrations were found at the World's Fair. The crab apple in the far 

 west becomes elongated, other apples show the same tendency. Peaches 

 free-stone in the South become cling in Missouri. Soil modifies by giving 

 size and quality. We must know our soils and sub-soils. All land in East 

 Texas is not fruit land. The same blunders, from ignorance" on this point, 

 which are made in New York and Missouri, are made here in assuming 

 that all the soil in a given locality is the same. In California real estate 

 men said all you had to do was to plant an orange grove anywhere. Fruit 

 growers said all was not orange land.* Elevation gives color and char- 

 acter. Sub-soil, also, has something to do with these points. Fifteen feet 

 above a running stream you do not have the color and character you have 

 on the tops of hills. By character he meant firmness, hardness and con- 

 sistency. It gives the keeping quality to apples and the shipping value 

 to peaches. You can go as high as 1,200 feet above the sea and 600 feet 

 above the contiguous land. Location is important. Grapes should be on 

 a south or southeast exposure of a hillside. The point was made that in 

 acclimatizing sometimes two transfers brought the best results. The 

 varieties of climate should not at first be too great. Grapes from France 

 were taken first to the W€st Indies and then to our continent. — Farm, 

 Field and Fireside, Chicago, 111. 



•Mr. Roland MorrlU supported this view as to different soils within a limited'area. He 

 found in planting his large tract that there wore some spots which seemed to hold water and 

 there trees would not grow. Mr. Morrill advised not to plant those spots. 



IMPORTANT DETAILS OFTEN OVERLOOKED IN SPRAYING. 



(By Professor A. T. Erwiii, Ames, Iowa.) 



I once heard the remark concerning Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress 

 that "It is a book which everybody praises and nobody reads." This is 

 too much the case, perhaps, with spraying work. As a general proposition 



