Winter Meeting. 283 



been feeding upon, and transform to the pupa stage at once, the adults 

 emerging the middle of July. These adults immediately lay eggs fur 

 the second brood. The larvae of the second brood become full grown 

 about the middle of August, make their cocoons, as did the first brood, 

 on the tree, and the adults from this brood appear and deposit their eggs 

 the last of August. 



The larvae of the Tussock-moth eat not only the leaves, but where a 

 tree has fruit, they are apt to eat the skin and part of the pulp of the 

 fruit, and thus injure it. 



The Tussock-moth can be distributed naturally in two ways only: 

 Where trees overlap the larvae can readily pass from one to another, 

 and in some instances may crawl down the tree and over the ground to 

 an adjacent tree, but this is rare. The great method of distribution is 

 by nursery stock or cuttings from infested trees, the Qgg masses being 

 upon the trees at the time of transportation. Hence, in infested regions 

 one should watch carefully for these cocoons and tgg masses and pick 

 them off and destroy them, otherwise one will unconsciously introduce 

 these pests into the orchard or into forest and shade trees. 



While the insect is a serious pest if let alone, it is an extremely easy 

 insect to control, largely on account of the fact that the female is wing- 

 less and does not leave the tree upon which she hatches out. Spraying 

 with any of the arsenical poisons will kill these larvae, but in a young or- 

 chard it is more satisfactory to pass through during the winter and pick 

 off the cocoons containing the white &gg masses. One should leave the 

 cocoons not covered with eggs, in order to allow the parasites of this 

 insect to hatch out. This insect is held in check largely by nine different 

 species of parasites, which is more than the ordinary insect can boast of. 



THE BAG- WORM (Tliyridoptcryx ephemeroeformis.) 



During the winter while the leaves are off the trees one frequently 

 finds suspended from the twigs numerous little bags or cases of an ellip- 

 tical shape, composed of pieces of blades and petioles of leaves woven to- 

 gether with silk. These are the winter quarters of the bag- worm. If 

 one opens a number of these cases, some of them will be found to contain 

 3 mass of eggs. These are the female cases, one of which is shown cut 

 open in Fig. 6 e. 



The eggs hatch the latter part of May, and the little larvae coming 

 from them feed upon the foliage, and at once commence to construct a 

 little case about their bodies composed of silk and portions of the leaves 

 upon which they are feeding. These cases are cone-shaped, and are car- 

 ried about on the larvae wherever they go. Some are shown in Fig. 



