302 State Horticultural Society. 



down ; set plants on top of that cone, spread roots even around this, then 

 cover with soil and press to the roots, and place about i inch loose soil 

 on the packed ground around the plants ; this being a ground mulch, will 

 prevent ground drying around roots. The crowns of the plant should be 

 about one inch deeper than they grow in their bed. Of course, raspberries 

 can be set with spade or dibble, like strawberries. ]\Iost red sorts of the 

 Antwerp family are propagated like blackberries, by sprouts and root 

 cuttings, and planted and cultivated as blackberries. 



Culture. — Rows being seven or more feet apart the first season, po- 

 totoes, beans, etc., can be planted between the rows, as they need the same 

 cultivation. When the canes are about 15 inches high, pinch off tip ends 

 two or more inches, leaving canes about 12 inches high. The second 

 season let canes grow two to three feet, according to the strength of the 

 canes, then pinch or cut them ofif. This clipping off the ends of canes 

 will cause the growth of laterals or side branches ; these in turn should 

 be kept shortened if no plants are wanted. It is necessary to go along 

 the rows about every twelve days. By clipping, as described, and thinning 

 canes when small, the yield will be double, to say nothing of being 

 much more easily harvested. 



Cultivate well until the last of July or first of August. Later culture 

 causes late growth and sap in canes, and thus liable to winter-killing. 



Hozi' to Graiv Plants. — Cap varieties are propagated from the tips 

 of the canes in August and September, or as soon as the tips are nearh 

 bare of leaves and have put on a dark purple color. Layer them — that is, 

 bury the tips in the ground about two inches deep. Without layering, in 

 wet W'Cather, where there is grass on the ground, they will crawl under 

 the grass and take root, and in a few weeks will form fine-rooted plants 

 and can be transplanted by cutting ofif the parent cane about six inches 

 above the roots, but are better let grow or remain, until time for spring 

 planting. Best time to plant the cap varieties is in spring, when the 

 young plants start to grow. 



The red of the Antwerp family are propagated like blackberries, 

 by sucker and root cuttings ; should be planted in early spring. As soon 

 as raspberries are picked, the old canes should be cut out and burned, so 

 that if there are any insects or fungi they will be destroyed. The Hybrid, 

 a cross between the black and red, can be propagated by tips and sprouts 

 from the roots, but as }-et found none worthy to plant. Shaffers Colossal 

 is one of them. 



Varieties. — The past 30 years I have tested over 30 varieties. I 

 got my first plants from Palmyra, N. Y. Some came with great promise, 

 but not adapted to my soil and climate. Their yield is now more than 

 doubled by newer varieties; also, the ripening season nearly twice as 



