Winter Meeting. 317 



very hard to get over the orchard with the Hquid and the dust has been 

 used, but no one puts the value of the dust spray alongside of the 

 liquid spray, especially for fungus. Codling moth has been kept 

 down some with the dust spray. The best orchard I know of in Illinois 

 this year had very little care. Never did have much. It is on a high 

 ridge and the soil is specially adapted to apples. Believe that success 

 came in spite of and not on account of the delinquencies. 



We made one test last season in an orchard which was badly in- 

 fected wath apple scab. The rows were subjected to different treatment. 

 Now, in a test of this kind the rows which are sprayed suffer because 

 of the proximity of unsprayed rows, and on the other hand, the un- 

 sprayed rows receive some of the benefit of the spraying of the ad- 

 joining rows ; so that the tests are not absolutely reliable, but the differ- 

 ence is in favor of the rows where insects and diseases are least af- 

 fected. Even under these conditions I don't know of one who has 

 made such a test who will use the dust process in preference to the 

 liquid. 



For apple scab, the dust process is not effective. For insects, it 

 makes somewhat better showing, yet is not so eft'ective even for insects 

 as the liquid process. I would not urge Captain Lincoln to abandon 

 the dust process, since he has been so successful. Stick to the thing 

 which best served your purpose — but in Illinois this has been the 

 liquid process. 



Secretary Goodman — We use dust spray where we cannot use 

 liquid. I use both kinds. There is more danger of burning the foliage 

 with liquid than in dust. 



The growers should use both; use the dust when you cannot get 

 in the orchard with a liquid outfit, and then when possible to use the 

 liquid, use it. 



Mr. Tippin — Believe that the care Captain Lincoln has given his 

 orchard has much to do with the perfection of this year's crop. Think 

 he gives too much credit to the spray and not enough to other causes. 

 The orchard has been cultivated and fertilized, and this has helped very 

 much; indeed, he would likely have had pretty good fruit without any 

 spraying at all. 



In the matter of breeding apples, we need one with a shallow and 

 closed calyx, which is not so apt to allow the entrance of the codling 

 moth. The same apple should be bred with good color and quality. 

 But the closed calyx would be a great blessing to orchardists. 



Mr. Lincoln — I believe in taking care of everything. Orchard, 

 strawberry plantings, stock and everything. 



Mr. Erb — In the question of dust or liquid, I first used the latter, 



