Miscellaneous. 433 



PEAR BLIGHT. FIRE BLIGHT. TWIG BLIGHT. 



Bacillus amylovonis. 



Although this disease is caused by bacteria, it is included here on 

 account of its great" importance. This blight is caused by a very de- 

 structive bacterial disease, which does most harm on the pear, but is 

 also very injurious to the apple and quince. Its first appearance is in- 

 dicated by a turning black of the leaves at the ends of growing shoots, 

 and a withering of the stems. This disease may work slowly backward 

 until the larger limbs are killed. In some cases the entire tree may be 

 killed. The young shoots, when attacked, crack, and a gummy fluid' 

 oozes out, which contains millions of the bacteria. Bees and other in- 

 sects feeding upon this carry the bacteria to the blossoms. Here they 

 cause the "blossom blight." The disease may spread back into the 

 branches in the same manner as it did from the shoots. 



It is during blossoming time that the disease spreads most rapidly. 

 Rapidly-growing trees are most susceptible to this disease ; hence, the 

 trees should be neither too well cultivated nor too heavily pruned in the 

 winter time. Diseased parts should be cut away and destroyed as soon 

 as discovered. 



PEAR SCAB. 



Fnsicladium pirinnm {Lh.) Fckl. Venturia piriniim Aderh. 



This disease is very similar to the apple scab fungus, both in its 

 appearance and in the injury it produces upon the leaves, fruit and 

 branches. But the fungus, being of a different species, can not infect 

 the apple, or vice versa, as is commonly thought. Certain varieties of 

 pears are more susceptible to this disease than are others. Treatment 

 for this disease is the same as that recommended for apple scab. 



BROWN ROT. 



Sclerotinia fntctigena (Kse. and Schm.) Norton. 



The brown rot is a very common disease, attacking peaches, plums, 

 cherries, apples, raspberries, blackberries and other fruits. On account 

 of the variety of hosts it may live upon, it is a very hard disease to com- 

 bat. It attacks the flowers, twigs and fruit. It probably causes great- 

 est harm to the fruit. 



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