SANITARY ESSENTIALS. 331 



sweet milk for butter and cheese, or supply his patrons in 

 town and city acceptably with this choicest, richest, most 

 important, and valuable of all natural foods, and the most 

 sensitive also. 



Many diseases of cattle, sheep, swine, and horses are 

 greatly aggravated, if not directly caused, by bad sanitary 

 surroundings and conditions. 



A teamster at Miller's Falls lost several horses by disease. 

 He asked- his physician what he thought was the cause. The 

 young man examined his stable, and advised him " to break 

 the door all to pieces," as that was the cause of the sickness, 

 by keeping out fresh air. The man lost no more horses. 



A farmer lost yearly one or more fine shotes, kept in a 

 certain close, damp, dark pen ; while in another pen, open to 

 fresh air and sunlight, a hog was never known to be sick. 

 A post-mortem examination showed that these hogs died of 

 consumption, caused by breathing damp, impure, stagnant air, 

 and by the absence of sunlight : the conditions were changed, 

 and no more hogs died, showing that even a hog cannot 

 bear every unhealthy influence, added to the filth in which 

 he will wallow in hot weather to cool himself. 



Rossignol, a French writer, states " that previous to 1836 

 the mortality of French cavalry horses varied from a hun- 

 dred and eighty to a hundred and ninety-seven per thousand 

 per annum. They enlarged the stables, and increased the 

 quantity of the ration of air, and reduced the loss in the 

 next ten years to sixty-eight per thousand per annum." 



In the Italian war of 1859, M. Moulin, chief veterinary 

 surgeon, kept ten thousand horses many months in barracks 

 open to the external air, in place of closed stables. Scarcely 

 any horses were sick, and only one case of glanders occurred. 



Wilkinson, an English writer, says, " that the annual mor- 

 tality of cavalry horses, formerly very great, is now reduced 

 to twenty per thousand, of which one-half is from accidents 

 and incurable diseases. Glanders and farcy have almost dis- 

 appeared ; and, if a case occurs, it is considered evidence of 

 neglect. 



Our subject embraces a wide range of investigation con- 

 cerning matters fundamental to the health, comfort, and 

 happiness of our people and our domestic animals. As we 

 study, understand, and appreciate the conditions that envi- 



