EXPERIMENTS ON THE APPLE WITH SOME NEW FUNGICIDES. 13 



variety. There was some leaf injury, however, on the York Imperial 

 and the Yellow Newtown, becoming serious on many of the trees. It 

 probably amounted to about one-half or two-thirds of that on the 

 3-3-50 plat. This difference is attributed to the smaller amount of 

 copper in the mixture and to the excess of lime, and possibly also to 

 the somewhat lighter spraying used in commercial work. The results 

 on the fruit were satisfactory even on these varieties. This was also 

 true as to the leaves of the Ben Davis, the injury not being very 

 serious, but the fruit of this variety was very decidedly injured in 

 this orchard, the injury amounting to at least 30 or possibly 40 per 

 cent. The possibility of getting such an injury on the Ben Davis 

 shuts out the use of Bordeaux mixture on that variety. 



SERIES II. 



In Series II, which contained only Ben Davis trees, the general 

 results were exactly the same as in Series I. Any differences were so 

 slight as to be attributed to accidental variation. The plats of four 

 trees each of the Ben Davis carried heavy crops of fruit, rendering 

 the difference in quality of the fruit rather more emphatic, perhaps, 

 than in Series I. The foliage on these trees was somewhat stronger, 

 and therefore withstood the spray injury slightly better. Unfortu- 

 nately, plats 8 and 9 were left out of this series. 



In Series II the same numbers were used as in Series I to designate 

 the plats sprayed with different mixtures. All of the plats receiving 

 copper spray were injured more or less. The injury seemed to be 

 slightly less, however, at picking time than a month before, as these 

 strong trees outgrew the russeting slightly. On plat 2, however, 

 where the standard Bordeaux mixture was used, fruit russeting 

 amounted to 35 per cent on September 21. The trees sprayed with 

 the iron Bordeaux and the gypsum Bordeaux mixtures were slightly 

 less russeted than those in Series I. Plat 7, sprayed with copper sul- 

 phid, gave a corresponding result, the injury being marked 8 percent, 

 which was the least caused by any copper spra}^. The self-boiled 

 lime-sulphur gave the same excellent results. This was also true of 

 the arsenate of lead used alone. 



SUPPLEMENTAL SERIES. 



In the supplemental series in the orchard of ]\Ir. Stewart Bell, the 

 unsprayed plat gave about the same unfavorable result but was not 

 quite so badly affected by fungous diseases as in Series I. The leaves 

 were marked 50 per cent injured by fungi, however, on September 8. 

 The self-boiled lime-sulphur gave satisfactory results, with no rus- 

 seting whatever, except a trace at the stem end, preventing the fruit 

 spots and the leaf spots and, with the addition of the arsenate of 



[CIr. 58] 



