16 SUGGESTIONS TO SETTLERS IN COLUMBIA RIVER VALLEY. 



furnish large, stable markets near home, and the demand increases 

 faster than the supply. Prices are constantly rising year after year, 

 while the ihiportations of eggs and poultry from other States are 

 increasing. Unless one has had some experience in handling poultry, 

 however, the business should be developed gradually, for failure is too 

 frequently the. reward of those who plunge into the business without 

 experience and knowledge' of the subject. Some very helpful publi- 

 cations on this industry will be found listed at the end of this bulletin. 



SMALL FRUITS AND GRAPES. 



SMALL FRUITS. 



If the suggestions previously made in regard to improving the 

 soil are followed, small fruits, grapes, asparagus, potatoes, tomatoes, 

 onions, and many other crops can be raised. The following varieties 

 of small fruits are suggested: 



Strawberries. — Clark Seedling (synonym, Hood Kiver) for long 

 shipments; Magoon, Marshall, and Warfield for local use and short 

 shipments. 



Dewherries. — Lucretia. 



Gooseberries. — Industry, Smith (synonym, Smith's Improved), and 

 Oregon (synonym, Oregon Champion). 



Raspberries. — Cuthbert and Red Antwerp. 



When well cared for, strawberries should be very profitable. They 

 mature very early and the first crates sometimes sell for SIO or more 

 each, thougli of course the greater part of the. crop sells for very much 

 lower prices. The first blooms are often injured by spring frosts. 



Owing to the very high price commanded by the first ripe fruit, 

 some way should be devised for saving the first blossoms. One way 

 of doing this is to use cotton cloth for covering frames. While the 

 vines may be covered in many ways, the following method is sug- 

 gested: On either side of beds 10 or 12 feet wide set wide boards on 

 their edges. The cloth, ordinary unbleachetl tlouble-width sheeting, 

 is nailed to the upper edge of one of the boards. The other edge of 

 the cloth is nailed between 1 by 2 inch strips. This forms a roller, 

 upon which the cloth is rolled when the beds are opened. The cloth 

 is just w^ide enough to permit the roller to hang on the outside of the 

 board on the opposite side when the cloth is unrolled and spread 

 across the bed. The sections of the cloth should overlap and the 

 ends of the cold frames should be well closed up. If the cloth is 

 oiled, it will be more eff'ective. 



GRAPES. 



The following varieties of grapes are recommended for this district : 

 A7nerican varieties. — Moore (synonym, Moore's Early), Campbell 

 (synonym, Campbell's Early), Delaware, Concord, and Worden. 



[Cir. 60] 



