B. r. I.— 531. 



THE IJMITATIOX OF THE SATSUMA ORANGE TO 

 TRirOLlATl:-()KANGE STOCK." 



INTRODUCTION. 



The Satsuma orange is a variety which has come to be widely 

 grown in the warmer parts of the Gulf ^States. Without entering 

 into a discussion as to the merits and demerits of this variety, it is 

 proposed in this circular to call attention to the fact that unlike most 

 commonly grown varieties it succeeds only when grafted on Trifoliate- 

 orange stock and is a complete failure on the sour-orange stock upon 

 which almost all other citrus fruits can be grown successfully. 



In view of the fact that large experimental and even commercial 

 plantings of the Satsuma orange are being made in nearly all of the 

 Gulf States and that Satsuma trees are being offered for sale on sour- 

 orange stock, it is considered advisable to call attention to the certain 

 failure which will result from planting Satsuma oranges budded on 

 sour stock. Fortunately a simple method has been discovered for 

 identifying with certainty Trifoliate stock, which makes it easy to 

 guard against the fradulent substitution of sour-orange or an}- other 

 stock for the Trifoliate. 



HISTORY OF THE TRIFOLIATE ORANGE IN THIS COUNTRY. 



Growers of citrus fruits in this countr}' have long been accustomed 

 to use the sour orange ami the sweet orange as stocks, while in recent 

 years the rough lemon and to a lesser extent the grapefruit have come 

 into use. These show widely different adaptation to soil conditions, 

 as well as greatly varying powers of disease resistance. 



Among the stocks which have come into prominence during the 

 past few decades is the hardy Trifoliate orange of China and Japan. 



a During the last few years there have been extensive plantings of the Satsuma 

 orange in the warmer parts of the Gulf States. Without entering into a discussion 

 as to the value of this variety and the prospects for growing and marketing it success- 

 fully on a commercial scale, Mr. Swingle wishes to call attention in the present cir- 

 cular to the unusually sharp limitations of this variety to a single stock — the Trifoliate 

 orange. It is believed to be desirable to warn all who desire to test the variety against 

 purchasing trees budded on the sour orange, a stock remarkably well adapted to almost 

 all other kinds of citrus fruits, but which Mr. S\vingle finds to fail entirely for this 

 particular variety. 



A simple method for distinguishing the Trifoliate orange from all other stocks fs 

 pointed out, rendering it easy to protect purchasers of Satsuma oranges against the 

 substitution of sour-orange for Trifoliate stock. — B. T. Galloway, Chief of Bureau. 



[Cir. 46] 3 



