14 



AGRICULTURAL CONDITIONS IN SOUTHERN NEW YORK, 



it will bo necessary to develop a new system of culture which will be 

 especially adapted to conditions. The steeper hillsides are not 

 susceptible to intensive cultivation. Spraying will be more difficult 

 and the marketing of the crops will raise new questions. But these 

 are matters which with study and application will be readily worked 

 out as the business is developed. 



But this line of development on the hill lands involves other 

 problems than those of culture. It costs time and money to grow an 

 orchard, and during this period the orchard is unproductive. Some 

 strong side line must be carried on which will not only support the 

 owner, who will probably be a man of small means, but meet the 



Fig. 5.— View in a good 20-acre apple orchard on Volusia soil at 1,350 feet elevation. 



extra expense of the orchard as well. This will undoubtedly be the 

 growing of small fruits, potatoes, or some form of animal industry, 

 according to their adaptation to soils, topography, availability of 

 markets, and many other conditions. These are problems which the 

 individual must work out for himself. Humus, either in the form of 

 manure or clover, or both, will be a necessary factor both for the 

 orchard and for the remainder of the farm. 



The near future should see the old slipshod methods of many sec- 

 tions disappear and the despised old orchards rejuvenated and new 

 ones planted. Great problems are worked out more rapidly and more 

 successfully under the pressure of necessity, and the necessity of new 



[Cir. (-.41 



