6 LIME-SULPHUR PREPARATIONS FOR APPLE DISEASES. 



other similar situations may therefore be successfully sprayed with a 

 weak fimgicide which will control the leaf-spot, sooty fungus, and 

 slight scab infections without injury to the fruit or foliage. The 

 York Imperial is another variety which has no serious disease of the 

 fruit, and in addition it is not subject to Bordeaux russet, so common 

 on the Ben Davis, but the foliage is susceptible to leaf-spot and is 

 often badly injured by applications of Bordeaux mixture, so that it 

 is desirable to spray this variety also with a less caustic mixture. 



On the other hand, the Yellow Newtown « is seriously subject to 

 the attacks of bitter-rot and must be treated with a strong fungicide, 

 such as Bordeaux mixture, for the control of this disease. The fruit 

 of this variety is susceptible to Bordeaux injury, but since such injury 

 is produced only by the early applications of the mixture the treat- 

 ment may be so planned as to avoid it. One of the lime-sulphur 

 sprays may be used for the first and second sprayings after the petals 

 fall and Bordeaux mixture for the bitter-rot treatments which come 

 later in the season. These are some of the finer points to be consid- 

 ered in connection with spraying, and the orchardist who gives them 

 due consideration will obtain the best results in the production of 

 good fruit. 



VIRGINIA SPRAYING EXPERIMENTS. 



In Virginia during the season of 1909 the writer, with the assist- 

 ance of Mr. Leslie Pierce, conducted experiments with various lime- 

 sulphur preparations in comparison with Bordeaux mixture for the 

 control of apple diseases. The experiments were made on the Yel- 

 low Newtown, at Crozet; theWinesap, York Imperial, and Ben Davis, 

 at Fishersville; and the York Imperial and Ben Davis, at Mount 



Jackson. 



The self-boiled lime-sulphur mixture, the home-boiled lime-sul- 

 phur solution, and the commercial lime-sulphur solution, as well 

 as Bordeaux mixture, were used. The self-boiled mixture was used 

 in two strengths, 8-8-50^ and 10-10-50 and the home-boiled solu- 

 tion at a strength of 5 pounds of sulphur and 2h pounds of lime 

 to 50 gallons of water, made by boiling the lime and the sulphur 

 with a small quantity of water over a fire for forty-five minutes. 

 The latter is essentially of the same composition as the concentrated 

 lime-sulphur solution which Prof. John P. Stewart^ described and 

 which, according to him, can be kept indefinitely. The commercial 

 lime-sulphur solution was used at the rates of U, If, 2, and 2^ gal- 



o Synonym of Albemarle Pippin. 



&"\\Tienever formulas for lime-sulphur mixture are mentioned in this paper the first 

 number shows the number of pounds of lime used, the second the number of pounds 

 of sulphur, and the last the number of gallons of water. 



c Bulletin 92, Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station. 1909. 

 [Cir. 54] 



